In a recent study, patients cholesterol levels were taken, then participants took a new drug that was designed to lower their cholesterol for six weeks. Patients’ cholesterol levels were then measured again. Assuming random sampling was used and normality was met, would a paired t-test or an independent t-test be used to determine if the new drug is effective? The raw data is listed below. Patient Cholesterol Level Before Drug Cholesterol Level After Drug 1 238 235 2 240 241 3 246 235 4 210 202 5 219 207 单项选择题
A
Paired t-test
B
Independent two-sample t-test
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Cuddly Paws shyly enters and gives you a note. She has been listening to Quackers as he tries to learn statistics and has realised she doesn't understand t-tests as well as she would like. She has two groups she would like to compare. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
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Super Size has a very large hat collection (30 hats total). Gladly often tells him he looks great, whatever hat he is wearing, but Quackers tells him otherwise. Super Size creates a dataset where, for each hat, he asks Gladly and Quackers to rate how he looks with it on a scale from 1-10. Snapshots of both the wide form and long form versions of the dataset are shown below. What test should he use to determine if Gladly and Quackers systematically differ in their ratings?
Your friend works at a city council which is having issues with feral pigeons Links to an external site. . The city's councillors looked into the use of peregrine falcons Links to an external site. to control pigeon numbers, and a one-month trial was proposed (at great cost to the ratepayer). The one-hour count of pigeons at 8 sites across the city was recorded prior to the release of the falcons as a trial. A month later, the same one-hour count of pigeons was repeated at the same 8 sites across the city. The counts are as below: bef <- c(74, 68, 73, 71, 72, 82, 74, 71, 65) aft <- c(58, 49, 86, 52, 60, 38, 44, 67, 76) The city wants to know whether the use of falcons have made a significant difference to pigeon numbers. They've tasked your friend to determine whether there's a difference. Unfortunately, he has no understanding of statistics so he asked ChatGPT for advice on how to proceed. Using the advice from ChatGPT, he decided to perform a t-test and is about to give the following output and the conclusion to the city council. Welch Two Sample t-test data: bef and aft t = 2.484, df = 9.4667, p-value = 0.03355 alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0 95 percent confidence interval: 1.281491 25.385176 sample estimates: mean of x mean of y 72.22222 58.88889 Conclusion: "Yes, absolutely! When the p-value is less than your chosen significance level (commonly 0.05), it indicates that there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. In your case, with a p-value of 0.03355, you can indeed conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between the two sets of data (bef and aft)." Was your friend correct? Select all statements that apply.
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