What is the total number of functional groups in the structure of codeine, shown below? A. 7
B. 6
C. 4
D. 5

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The molecule contains five distinct, countable functional-group types.

1) Relevant concepts: Functional groups are specific reactive atom groups (e.g., OH, NR3, C–O–C, epoxide, aromatic ring). When counting “total number of functional groups” in this context we count distinct functional-group types present in the codeine structure (not every occurrence of a repeated group).

2) Step-by-step identification on the codeine skeleton:
- Aromatic (phenyl) ring: codeine has a benzene ring fused into the morphinan skeleton → one aromatic ring functional group.
- Methoxy (aryl O–CH3) group: at the 3-position codeine has –OCH3 (a methyl ether attached to the aromatic ring) → one ether type (aryl methyl ether).
- Hydroxyl (alcohol): codeine retains a single free OH (the 6-hydroxyl) → one alcohol functional group.
- Tertiary amine: the nitrogen is N–CH3 in the morphinan framework (a tertiary amine center) → one amine functional group.
- Epoxide (bridged cyclic ether): codeine/morphinan contains an oxygen-bridged epoxide (an oxirane-like bridge between two carbons) → one epoxide (cyclic ether) functional group.

3) Intermediate reasoning summary: aromatic ring (1) + methoxy ether (1) + hydroxyl (1) + tertiary amine (1) + epoxide (1) = 5 distinct functional groups.

4) Why the correct answer is correct: These five groups are chemically distinct and are the commonly recognized functional groups on the codeine structure. Counting each distinct type once gives a total of 5.

5) Why other choices are incorrect:
- A (7): overcounts by splitting closely related oxygen functionalities or double-counting the aromatic π-bonds; codeine does not present seven distinct functional-group types.
- B (6): would be correct only if one also counted the internal C=C as an additional separate functional group; typical functional-group counts for codeine do not list that double bond separately from the ring system in this question.
- C (4): undercounts because it omits one of the oxygen- or nitrogen-containing groups (commonly the epoxide or the methoxy).

Conclusion: The correct count of distinct functional groups in codeine is 5, matching answer D.

What is the total number of functional groups in the structure of codeine, shown below? A. 7 B. 6 C. 4 D. 5单项选择题

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