Which of the following is a neutral (uncharged) ligand?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Neutral ligands are molecules that donate a lone pair to a metal center but carry no net electrical charge; ammonia (NH3) is a classic neutral (uncharged) ligand.

1. Relevant concepts:
- Ligands in coordination chemistry are classified as neutral (uncharged) or anionic (negatively charged).
- Neutral ligands donate an electron pair (coordinate covalent bond) without contributing charge to the complex (e.g., NH3, H2O, CO).
- Anionic ligands are species that carry a negative charge when bound (e.g., Cl−, Br−, NO3−).

2. Step-by-step reasoning:
- Option d: Ammonia (NH3) is a neutral molecule with a lone pair on nitrogen that it donates to a metal; when it coordinates it remains uncharged. In complex nomenclature it is called “ammine.”
- Option a: “Chlorine” in coordination contexts refers to the halide ligand chloride (Cl−); chloride is negatively charged and therefore an anionic ligand.
- Option c: “Bromine” similarly refers to bromide (Br−) as the ligand; bromide carries a −1 charge and is an anionic ligand.
- Option b: Nitrate (NO3−) is a polyatomic anion with an overall −1 charge and is an anionic ligand (often called nitrato or nitrate in names).

3. Intermediate observations:
- Although elemental Cl2 or Br2 are neutral molecules, they are not typical metal-coordinating ligands in coordination chemistry. The intended choices are the common ligand forms (Cl−, Br−), which are anionic.
- Ammonia coordinates through its nitrogen lone pair without changing its formal charge (0).

4. Why the correct answer is correct:
- Ammonia is neutral and donates an electron pair to the metal without adding charge, which meets the definition of a neutral ligand.

5. Why the other options are incorrect:
- Chlorine (as chloride) is negatively charged → anionic ligand.
- Bromine (as bromide) is negatively charged → anionic ligand.
- Nitrate is a polyatomic anion (NO3−) → anionic ligand.

Conclusion: The neutral (uncharged) ligand among the choices is d. Ammonia, which matches the provided answer.

Which of the following is a neutral (uncharged) ligand?单项选择题

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