________ receive information from other neurons; ___________ transmit information to other neurons:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Dendrites receive information from other neurons; axons transmit information to other neurons.

Relevant knowledge points: A typical neuron has three main structural regions — dendrites, a cell body (soma), and an axon. Dendrites are branched projections with many receptor sites (often on dendritic spines) that detect neurotransmitters released by other neurons at synapses. The axon is a long projection that conducts electrical impulses (action potentials) away from the soma and terminates in presynaptic terminals that release neurotransmitter onto other cells.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Signal flow in a neuron begins when neurotransmitters from a presynaptic neuron bind to receptors on the dendritic membrane or soma of the postsynaptic neuron, creating graded potentials.
2. If summed inputs depolarize the soma to threshold, an action potential is initiated at the axon hillock.
3. The action potential travels down the axon (often aided by myelin and nodes of Ranvier) to axon terminals.
4. At axon terminals, voltage-gated calcium channels open, triggering neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft to affect the next neuron.

Why the correct answer is correct: Dendrites are specialized for receiving synaptic input (they carry incoming chemical/electrical signals toward the soma), while axons are specialized for conducting and transmitting signals away from the cell body to other neurons. This functional specialization underlies the phrasing “receive…; transmit…”

Why the other options are incorrect:
- "Axons; dendrites" reverses the functions; axons do not primarily receive input, and dendrites do not primarily send output.
- "Synapses; dendrites" is incorrect because synapses are junctions between neurons, not cellular structures that themselves receive and then transmit in the way described; dendrites receive at synapses but synapses are not the neuronal processes that send onward.
- "Axons; synapses" incorrectly assigns receiving to axons and treating synapses as the transmitting structure; synapses are the contact points where transmission occurs, not a cellular process that does the receiving in the same sense.

Conclusion: The correct answer is Dendrites; axons, which matches the provided answer.

receive information from other neurons; ___ transmit information to other neurons:未知题型

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