Question at position 7 “And God gave unto the Polish kings and knights freedom, that all might be brothers, both the richest and the poorest. The king and the men of knightly rank received into their brotherhood still more people…. And the number of brothers became as great as a nation, and in no nation were there so many people free and calling each other brothers as in Poland.” Adam Mickiewicz, poem, 1832, about Polish uprisings against Russia in 1830 and 1831 The passage above best reflects which of the following? 4WHF27Marxist critiques of unequal distribution of wealthCriticism of religion’s role in public lifeDiscontent with government bureaucracyDevelopment of nationalism单项选择题

A

Marxist critiques of unequal distribution of wealth

B

Criticism of religion’s role in public life

C

Discontent with government bureaucracy

D

Development of nationalism

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Question at position 12 Source 1: “The British . . . have for many decades had settled notions about India’s future. Their concept of party government and parliamentary rule has become the ideal with them as the best form of government for every country. . . . It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to understand the real nature of Islam and Hinduism. It is only a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality. This misconception of one Indian nation will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims in India belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. . . . They have different epics and different heroes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be built up for the government of such a state.” Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the All-India Muslim League, an organization of Indian Muslims that had split from the Indian National Congress, address to a meeting of the League, March 1940 Source 2: “We, the inhabitants of India, have one thing in common and that is our India-ness, which we share despite our religious and cultural differences. Just as our different features and personalities do not affect our common humanity, so our religious and cultural differences should not interfere with our shared association with our homeland. Therefore, like other religious groups in India, we Muslims have a duty to struggle for the attainment of our common Indian interests and fight against the evils that hamper our common progress and prosperity. This is what I mean when I speak of a common nationhood of all Indians. The [Indian National] Congress, having the same position as ours, has made provisions for the protection of all religions, cultures, and languages in a future Indian state. On the other hand, the European concept of nationalism is unacceptable to our organization. We denounce it and are totally against it.” Husain Ahmad Madani, leader of the Council of Indian Muslim Religious Scholars, address to the annual meeting of the organization, June 1940 In the second half of the twentieth century, the kind of tensions illustrated by the two sources would most directly lead to the emergence of which of the following in postcolonial Asian and African states? 4WHF8Movements advocating for regional autonomyPopular movements advocating the restoration of colonial ruleFamines and epidemics Communist movements

Question at position 4 After the abdication of the last Qing emperor in China in 1912, the new republican government adopted a new national flag (the so-called five-races-together-in-harmony flag) in which five stripes represented the five main ethnic groups: the Han Chinese, the Manchus, the Tibetans, the Uighurs, and the Mongols. The adoption of the new flag is an example of which of the following processes? 4WHF29Governmental efforts of multinational states to promote a new nationalist identity that would help prevent the emergence of ethnic separatismEfforts by authoritarian governments to mobilize all segments of society for a conflict with foreign powersGovernmental efforts of new states to undo the tolerant ethnic and religious policies of their imperial predecessors in order to promote greater uniformityGovernmental efforts of new states to reduce their political and economic dependence on former colonial powers

  Which of the following factors indicate that nationalism contributed to the outbreak of World War I?

In his "Introduction" to Imagined Communities  Benedict Anderson says that nations are “imagined" because ...

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