True or False: Pennate muscles have more sarcomeres in parallel and fewer sarcomeres in series compared to non-pennate muscles.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks about the sarcomere arrangement in pennate versus non-pennate muscles.
Option a: 'True' — This aligns with the general muscle architecture concept. Pennate muscles have fibers oriented at an angle to the force-producing axis, which increases the cross-sectional area and allows more fibers (and thus more sarcomeres in parallel) to contribute to force. However, because the fibers are shorter and arranged diagonally, there are comparatively fewer sarcomeres arranged in series than in fusiform (non-pennate) muscles. In other words, pennation enhances parallel components (more sarcomeres in parallel) while reducing the length along the line of pull (fewer in series).
Option b: 'False' — This would misstate the relationship. If pennation increases parallel packing of fibers, it does not reduce parallel sarcomeres and increase series sarcomeres; it actually increases parallel components and reduces serial components relative to non-pennate muscles. The concept that pennation decreases sarcomeres in parallel or increases sarcomeres in series contradicts the known structural consequences of pennation.
To summarize, the core idea is that pennate muscle architecture boosts parallel sarcomeres by packing more fibers into the same cross-sectional area, while the trade-off is a reduction in the number of sarcomeres in series due to shorter fiber length along the line of pull. This makes the statement in Option a accurate and the rationale behind Option b incorrect.

True or False: Pennate muscles have more sarcomeres in parallel and fewer sarcomeres in series compared to non-pennate muscles.单项选择题

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