The use of funds raised for unintended purposes, like cruises, is a problem of:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Moral hazard arises when a party changes its behavior after a contract or transaction in a way that increases the risk or cost to the other party, typically because the actor’s actions are not fully observable or enforceable.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Moral hazard: post-contractual hidden actions that shift risk onto others (e.g., manager uses investor funds for personal benefit).
- Adverse selection: pre-contractual hidden information causing the wrong counterparties to be chosen (e.g., high-risk applicants more likely to apply for insurance).
- Risk sharing: deliberate allocation of risk among parties by contractual design (e.g., diversification, insurance).
- Credit risk: the risk a borrower will fail to repay principal or interest.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- The scenario: funds are raised for a stated purpose but are instead used for unintended personal consumption (like cruises).
- Timing and information: this misuse occurs after funds are provided (post-contract) and is typically hidden from investors or lenders.
- This fits the textbook definition of moral hazard: the agent (fund recipient) takes actions that harm the principal (investors/lenders) because those actions are unobserved or insufficiently constrained.

3) Calculations (not applicable)
- No numerical calculation is required for this conceptual question.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Using funds for cruises is a change in behavior after receiving funds, increasing the likelihood investors won’t be repaid or won’t get promised returns. That is exactly moral hazard — hidden, adverse post-contract behavior that raises counterparty risk.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- a. Adverse selection is about hidden information before contracting (e.g., risky borrowers applying), not post-contract misuse.
- b. Risk sharing is a neutral or positive contractual arrangement to allocate risk, not misuse of funds.
- d. Credit risk describes the possibility of default, which is an outcome; it doesn’t specifically describe the behavioral cause (hidden misuse) responsible for increasing that risk.

6) Conclusion
- The correct choice is c. moral hazard, which matches the provided answer.

The use of funds raised for unintended purposes, like cruises, is a problem of:单项选择题

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