Which of the following could contribute to a meteorological drought?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Meteorological drought is defined primarily by a sustained reduction in precipitation relative to normal, but it is usefully framed by the atmospheric water balance: supply minus demand. Relevant concepts: precipitation (P) supplies moisture; potential evapotranspiration (PE) represents the atmosphere’s demand for moisture under available energy; temperature (T) strongly controls PE (higher T → higher PE). A meteorological drought occurs when P is persistently below normal and/or PE (driven by T and other factors) increases so that supply < demand.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Start with the simple balance: Moisture balance ≈ P − PE. When P − PE < 0 over an extended period, a deficit exists that characterizes drought.
2. Decreased precipitation (P): if P drops, the left term shrinks. Example: normal P = 100 mm, PE = 80 mm → surplus 20 mm. If P falls to 60 mm, P − PE = −20 mm → deficit → meteorological drought.
3. Increased temperature (T): higher T increases PE because warmer air can hold and draw off more moisture. If T rises and PE goes from 80 to 100 mm while P stays 100 mm, P − PE = 0 (no surplus); if combined with modest P decline, a deficit appears.
4. Higher potential evapotranspiration (PE): regardless of cause, higher PE increases demand. Example: P = 90 mm, PE = 110 mm → P − PE = −20 mm → deficit.

Why the correct answer is “all of these are correct”: each listed factor can independently or jointly produce a negative P − PE balance that qualifies as meteorological drought. Briefly on other choices: “decreased precipitation” is a direct cause but ignores demand; “increased temperature” causes higher PE (thus drought risk) but without reduced P might not alone produce drought in all settings; “higher PE” is the demand-side driver. Because each choice identifies a valid contributing mechanism, the best answer is “all of these are correct.” This confirms the provided answer.

Which of the following could contribute to a meteorological drought?单项选择题

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