Question at position 17 Which of the following would INCREASE the chance for a short-term memory to be consolidated into a long-term memory?Protein synthesis blockersStaying awakeSleep Plasticity blockersClear my selection单项选择题
A
Protein synthesis blockers
B
Staying awake
C
Sleep
D
Plasticity blockers

Question

Question at position 17 Which of the following would INCREASE the chance for a short-term memory to be consolidated into a long-term memory?Protein synthesis blockersStaying awakeSleep Plasticity blockersClear my selection单项选择题

A

Protein synthesis blockers

B

Staying awake

C

Sleep

D

Plasticity blockers

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Sleep promotes the transfer and stabilization of recently encoded information into long-term storage by enabling neural reactivation and plasticity processes that underlie consolidation.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Memory consolidation: short-term (labile) memories are stabilized into long-term memory via synaptic and system-level consolidation.
- Synaptic consolidation depends on synaptic plasticity mechanisms such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and requires new protein synthesis to stabilize synaptic changes.
- Sleep—particularly slow-wave sleep (SWS) and REM—facilitates hippocampal replay, reduces interference, and supports transfer of memories from hippocampus to neocortex.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Option “Sleep”: during sleep neural replay and reduced sensory input allow strengthening and reorganization of memory traces; protein synthesis and LTP processes active during sleep help consolidate memories.
- Option “Protein synthesis blockers”: these inhibit the production of proteins necessary for stabilizing synaptic changes (late-phase LTP), so they impair consolidation rather than increase it.
- Option “Staying awake”: extended wakefulness prevents sleep-dependent replay and increases interference, reducing rather than increasing consolidation.
- Option “Plasticity blockers”: drugs or manipulations that block synaptic plasticity (e.g., LTP blockers) prevent the neural changes needed for consolidation, so they would decrease consolidation.

3) Calculations/intermediate steps
- No numerical calculation is required. Intermediate logical steps: consolidation requires plasticity + protein synthesis + reduced interference → sleep provides these; blockers or staying awake remove them.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
Sleep supplies the physiological conditions (reactivation/replay, protein synthesis-dependent plasticity, low interference) that increase the likelihood that a short-term memory will be consolidated into long-term memory.

5) Why other options are incorrect (brief)
- Protein synthesis blockers: prevent protein synthesis needed for stabilizing changes → impair consolidation.
- Staying awake: prevents sleep-dependent consolidation and increases interference → impair consolidation.
- Plasticity blockers: directly prevent LTP/synaptic change → impair consolidation.

Conclusion: Therefore the correct choice is “Sleep,” which matches the provided answer.

Question at position 17 Which of the following would INCREASE the chance for a short-term memory to be consolidated into a long-term memory?Protein synthesis blockersStaying awakeSleep Plasticity blockersClear my selection单项选择题

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