What would have to happen for statistical analyses to support partial or full mediation? First poverty, mediators and outcome must show significant relationship pairwise. Then,

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In mediation analysis, the classic causal steps involve showing relationships among poverty (predictor), the mediator, and the outcome (depression).
Option 1 states: 'the effect of poverty on depression must be eliminated or significantly reduced once the mediator is added to the regression model.' This aligns with the idea that, when the mediator accounts for part or all of the pathway from poverty to depression, the direct effect of poverty on depression decreases (full mediation if it drops to non-significance, partial mediation if it is reduced but still significant).
Option 2 states: 'the effect of poverty on depression must remain significant once the mediator is added to the regression model.' If the direct effect stays significant and largely unchanged after including the mediator, this would indicate no mediation, or at best trivial mediation. This contradicts the hallmark of mediation, where the inclusion of the mediator should attenuate the direct path.
To understand the logic, imagine a regression model where poverty predicts depression directly; then you introduce the mediator (e.g., access to resources). If poverty’s impact on depression operates partly or wholly through the mediator, the direct coefficient for poverty should shrink in magnitude and may become non-significant for full mediation or remain smaller but still significant for partial mediation.
From a methodological standpoint, significant pairwise relationships (poverty → mediator, mediator → depression, and poverty → depression) are prerequisites, but the essence of establishing mediation is whether the poverty–depression link weakens after accounting for the mediator. This makes Option 1 the correct reflection of mediation criteria, while Option 2 describes a scenario without mediation.
In summary, the statement in Option 1 correctly captures the central criterion for statistical mediation, whereas Option 2 would imply no mediation effect.

What would have to happen for statistical analyses to support partial or full mediation? First poverty, mediators and outcome must show significant relationship pairwise. Then,单项选择题

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