_______________________________ functions inform us about the cost of reducing each (specific) unit of emissions.

Question

_______________________________ functions inform us about the cost of reducing  each (specific) unit of emissions.

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Marginal abatement cost functions measure the additional (marginal) cost of reducing one more unit of emissions, so "marginal abatement cost" is the correct completion.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Marginal cost: the extra cost incurred by producing (or in this case, avoiding) one additional unit.
- Abatement: actions taken to reduce pollution/emissions.
- Marginal abatement cost (MAC) function: a schedule or curve that shows the cost of eliminating each successive unit of emissions. It differs from average abatement cost and from damage functions that measure harm from emissions.

2) Step-by-step reasoning process
- The blank asks for a function type that "inform[s] us about the cost of reducing each (specific) unit of emissions." The phrase “cost of reducing each specific unit” signals marginal cost per unit of abatement.
- Therefore, the term must combine “marginal” (per additional unit) and “abatement” (reduction of emissions), yielding “marginal abatement cost.”

3) Example calculation with intermediate steps
- Suppose MAC(q) = 10 + 2q where q is units of emissions reduced.
  - Cost of the first unit reduced (q = 1): MAC(1) = 10 + 2(1) = 12.
  - Cost of the second unit reduced (q = 2): MAC(2) = 10 + 2(2) = 14.
  - Incremental increase from first to second unit = 14 − 12 = 2.
- This illustrates that the MAC function gives the cost of reducing each additional unit, exactly matching the wording of the question.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- The question explicitly asks for the cost of reducing each specific unit; that definition is the textbook definition of a marginal abatement cost function. It directly provides the per-unit abatement cost as emissions are reduced.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- Demand: refers to quantity demanded at different prices for goods/services, not the cost to reduce emissions. It does not describe abatement costs.
- Marginal damage: measures the additional harm or damage caused by one more unit of pollution (external cost to society), not the cost of reducing pollution.
- Supply: describes quantity supplied at different prices in a market, not the cost of abating emissions.

6) Conclusion
All steps show that "marginal abatement cost" best fits the blank; this matches the provided correct answer, marginal abatement cost.

_______________________________ functions inform us about the cost of reducing each (specific) unit of emissions.单项选择题

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