In the case above an odds ratio has been calculated. However, you are interested in looking at the difference between weight and those with high (20 standard drinks per week) and low alcohol (

Question

In the case above an odds ratio has been calculated. However, you are interested in looking at the difference between weight and those with high (>20 standard drinks per week) and low alcohol (<20 standard drinks per week) consumption. You have completed the following descriptive statistics below: [table]
| High alcohol consumption | Low alcohol consumption Mean (kJ) | 10 134 | 8547 Median (kJ) | 9897 | 8623
[/table]What statistical test would be appropriate to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the high and low alcohol consumption groups?

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To determine the appropriate statistical test, first identify the data structure and assumptions. The comparison involves two independent groups: high alcohol consumption and low alcohol consumption. The outcome variable is a continuous measure (kJ), but the distribution is not described as normal, and sample sizes are not provided. When comparing two independent groups on a continuous outcome, the default parametric test is the independent t-test, which assumes normality and equal variances. If those assumptions are questionable, a non-parametric alternative is preferable.

Option a: Dependent t-test. This test is used for paired or matched samples (repeated measures on the same subjects, or matched pairs). Since the high and low alcohol groups come from different individuals, this is not the correct choice.

Option b: Wilcoxon signed rank test. This is the non-parametric counterpart to the paired t-test and is also used for matched or paired samples. It is not appropriate for independent groups.

Option c: Mann-Whitney U test. This non-parametric test compares two independent groups on an ordinal or continuous outcome without assuming normality. It assesses whether one group tends to have higher values than the other.

Option d: Independent t-test. This test compares two independent groups but relies on the assumptions of normal distribution within each group and (ideally) equal variances. If those assumptions are violated or unknown, this test may not be appropriate.

Given two independent groups and the potential non-normality suggested by descriptive statistics (means and medians displayed without assuming normality), the Mann-Whitney U test is the appropriate choice to assess whether there is a statistically significant difference between the high and low alcohol consumption groups.

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