During gamete formation, which of the following best describes what happens to the alleles of a gene according to Mendel's law of segregation?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks about Mendel's law of segregation as it applies to gamete formation. The core idea is that genes exist in two copies (alleles) in a diploid organism, and these alleles separate during the formation of gametes so that each gamete carries only one allele for a given gene.

The provided option states: 'Alleles separate, with each gamete receiving only one allele for each gene.' This statement aligns with Mendel's law of segregation, which posits that the two alleles for a gene segregate during meiosis, and gametes (sperm or egg cells) are haploid, containing a single allele for each gene. Consequently, fertilization restores the paired allele combination in the zygote.

To connect this to the mechanism: during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (one inherited from each parent) are separated into different daughter cells. Later, during meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, but for the purpose of segregation of alleles, the key point is that the allele pair is split so that a gamete receives only one allele per gene. This explains why offspring inherit one allele from each parent and why genetic variation arises when combining these alleles in offspring.

If there were other options (not provided here), incorrect choices might claim that both alleles always go into the same gamete, or that alleles are inherited as a single unit without separation, or that segregation only applies to certain traits. Those would be inconsistent with the fundamental principle that alleles segregate and that gametes are haploid.

In summary, the option given correctly articulates Mendel's law of segregation as it applies to gamete formation, by describing that alleles separate and each gamete receives a single allele for each gene.

During gamete formation, which of the following best describes what happens to the alleles of a gene according to Mendel's law of segregation?单项选择题

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