Question at position 10 What does the term Māori Data Sovereignty refer to?The principle that data collected by Māori researchers should be held under their own governance.The principle that all data collected in New Zealand should be held under Māori governance.The principle that all data collected about and from Māori should be held under Māori governance.The principle that data collected about and from Māori should be held by the Crown or Commonwealth.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Māori Data Sovereignty asserts that Māori should govern data about and from Māori, including decisions over collection, access, use, storage, and sharing.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Data sovereignty: the idea that a group or nation has rights and authority over data related to them. 
- Indigenous data sovereignty: applies that principle to Indigenous peoples, linking data governance to self-determination, culture, and tikanga. 
- Te Mana Raraunga and international frameworks (e.g., UNDRIP) support Indigenous control over data that concerns them. 
- “About and from Māori” covers personal, communal and cultural data (health, whakapapa, language, environmental/land information).

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Identify the key phrase in each option: who controls the data, and which data is covered.
- The concept of Māori Data Sovereignty specifically focuses on data pertaining to Māori (i.e., “about and from Māori”), not all data in New Zealand nor only data collected by Māori researchers.
- The core principle is governance by Māori—control, stewardship and decision-making—over that specific data.

3. Calculations
- Not applicable; this is a conceptual/definitional question.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- The correct option states that all data collected about and from Māori should be held under Māori governance. This matches established definitions used by Māori data governance groups: sovereignty concerns data that describes, derives from or impacts Māori and asserts Māori authority over such data to protect cultural values and ensure appropriate use.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- Option 1 (data collected by Māori researchers only): Too narrow; sovereignty concerns all data about/from Māori regardless of who collected it. 
- Option 2 (all data in New Zealand under Māori governance): Overbroad and incorrect—Māori Data Sovereignty pertains to Māori-specific data, not every dataset in the country. 
- Option 4 (held by the Crown or Commonwealth): Opposite of the concept; it places control with the state, not with Māori, so it contradicts the principle.

6. Conclusion
The correct answer is: “The principle that all data collected about and from Māori should be held under Māori governance.” This matches the provided answer.

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