Question at position 18 True or False: After damage to his hippocampus, patient H.M. still had intact working memory and procedural memory.TrueFalse单项选择题
A
True
B
False

Question

Question at position 18 True or False: After damage to his hippocampus, patient H.M. still had intact working memory and procedural memory.TrueFalse

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

H.M.’s medial temporal lobe resection produced severe anterograde amnesia but spared short-term (working) memory and procedural memory.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Hippocampus / medial temporal lobes: critical for forming new long-term declarative (explicit) memories — episodic and semantic.
- Working memory: short-term maintenance and manipulation of information (prefrontal cortex dependent) lasting seconds to minutes if rehearsed.
- Procedural memory: implicit memory for skills and habits (basal ganglia, cerebellum, motor cortex dependent), learned gradually and expressed without conscious recall.

2. Step-by-step reasoning process
- Step 1: Identify H.M.’s lesion: bilateral removal of medial temporal lobes (including hippocampus) to treat epilepsy.
- Step 2: Observe resulting deficits: inability to form new long-term declarative memories (anterograde amnesia) is documented.
- Step 3: Test working memory: H.M. could hold information in mind for short periods (e.g., digit span tasks or conversation) as long as rehearsal continued; this indicates intact working memory.
- Step 4: Test procedural memory: tasks like mirror-drawing (tracing a star while viewing only the reflection) showed improvement across sessions despite no conscious recollection of practicing—evidence of intact procedural learning.

3. Calculations / intermediate steps
- No numerical calculations required. Intermediate logical steps are the empirical task results: preserved digit span and improved mirror-tracing scores across trials.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- Empirical studies (Milner and colleagues) demonstrate H.M. maintained normal working memory capacity and could learn motor skills without retaining episodic memory of practicing. These preserved functions are supported by brain regions outside the hippocampus, explaining why hippocampal damage spared them.

5. Why the other option is incorrect
- Answer “False” would claim either working memory or procedural memory were impaired; this contradicts well-replicated experimental findings showing both were intact in H.M.

6. Conclusion
- Therefore the statement is True: after hippocampal damage, H.M. still had intact working memory and procedural memory. This matches the provided correct answer (True).

Question at position 18 True or False: After damage to his hippocampus, patient H.M. still had intact working memory and procedural memory.TrueFalse单项选择题

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