A hospital is designing a next-generation infusion pump, and engineers are conducting Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) at the design phase to analyse potential failure modes before the system is built.   They begin with the top-level failure event: “The system, which consists of a drug reservoir, a dosage control unit, and a delivery pump, fails to deliver the correct medication dosage.” Which of the following best represents the deductive reasoning process used in FTA at this stage?单项选择题

A

Engineers test an existing prototype to identify system failures.

B

Engineers create a list of all possible risks before defining system requirements.

C

Engineers discard the top-level failure event, and decide to start with the correct statement of operation, and design the system to ensure that the correct dosage is being administered

D

Engineers assume that rigorous testing later in development will catch all potential failures.

E

Engineers start with this failure event and systematically break it down into immediate failure causes, such as drug reservoir depletion, dosage control unit miscalculation, or pump malfunction, and further analyze their contributing factors.

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What is the purpose of a fault tree or Fault Isolation Manual?

What is the purpose of a fault tree or Fault Isolation Manual?

A building’s automatic fire sprinkler system consists of a water sprinkler, installed into the building’s ceiling, as well as two smoke detectors, plus other components mentioned below. The purpose of the system is to automatically activate the sprinkler when a fire is detected by either of the smoke detectors. Sprinklers and Pump When a fire is detected, the system activates a water pump, to feed water to the sprinkler. If the sprinkler’s nozzle is not blocked and the water pump is activated, water will flow from the sprinkler. Smoke Detectors The system employs two smoke detectors to detect fires. Each is designed to act as a redundant back-up for the other: a fire is detected if either of the detectors is triggered (that is, if either of the smoke detectors detects smoke). Safety condition A hazard occurs when there is smoke but water does not flow from the sprinkler system. Suppose you have been asked to perform a fault-tree analysis on this system, for this hazard.   The top-level event (i.e. the root) for the fault tree is the case in which there is smoke but water does not flow from the sprinkler system. The following components in the system can each fail, and are assumed to fail independently of each other. These failures constitute the basic failure events (i.e. the leaves) of the fault tree: The smoke detectors (each of which fails independently of the other) The water pump The sprinkler nozzle (by becoming blocked) For each of the fault-trees below, decide whether it is correct or incorrect for this scenario and hazard. Fault Tree 1 is Correct Fault Tree 2 is [ Select ] Incorrect Correct Fault Tree 3 is Incorrect Fault Tree 4 is [ Select ] Incorrect Correct    

A building’s automatic fire sprinkler system consists of a water sprinkler, installed into the building’s ceiling, as well as two smoke detectors, plus other components mentioned below. The purpose of the system is to automatically activate the sprinkler when a fire is detected by either of the smoke detectors. Sprinklers and Pump When a fire is detected, the system activates a water pump, to feed water to the sprinkler. If the sprinkler’s nozzle is not blocked and the water pump is activated, water will flow from the sprinkler. Smoke Detectors The system employs two smoke detectors to detect fires. Each is designed to act as a redundant back-up for the other: a fire is detected if either of the detectors is triggered (that is, if either of the smoke detectors detects smoke). Safety condition A hazard occurs when there is smoke but water does not flow from the sprinkler system. Suppose you have been asked to perform a fault-tree analysis on this system, for this hazard.   The top-level event (i.e. the root) for the fault tree is the case in which there is smoke but water does not flow from the sprinkler system. The following components in the system can each fail, and are assumed to fail independently of each other. These failures constitute the basic failure events (i.e. the leaves) of the fault tree: The smoke detectors (each of which fails independently of the other) The water pump The sprinkler nozzle (by becoming blocked) For each of the fault-trees below, decide whether it is correct or incorrect for this scenario and hazard. Fault Tree 1 is [ Select ] Incorrect Correct Fault Tree 2 is Incorrect Fault Tree 3 is [ Select ] Incorrect Correct Fault Tree 4 is [ Select ] Correct Incorrect    

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