Which of the following statements about the epidemiology of footrot is INCORRECT?

A. Transmission can occur between sheep and goats

B. It only occurs when the average daytime temperature is above 10 degrees Celsius

C. It only occurs where the average annual rainfall is more than 500 mm

D. Dichelobacter nodosus can persist on pasture for 1 month

E. Dichelobacter nodosus can persist throughout the year in under-run hooves

Question

Which of the following statements about the epidemiology of footrot is INCORRECT?

A. Transmission can occur between sheep and goats

B. It only occurs when the average daytime temperature is above 10 degrees Celsius

C. It only occurs where the average annual rainfall is more than 500 mm

D. Dichelobacter nodosus can persist on pasture for 1 month

E. Dichelobacter nodosus can persist throughout the year in under-run hooves

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

We start by listing the statements and evaluating each one in the context of footrot epidemiology.
Option A: 'Transmission can occur between sheep and goats.' This is generally supported in the literature, as Dichelobacter nodosus can spread between closely grazed small ruminants sharing pastures. Therefore, this statement is considered correct in the epidemiological context, not an incorrect assertion.
Option B: 'It only occurs when the average daytime temperature is above 10 degrees Celsius.' This is overly restrictive. Footrot outbreaks are strongly associated with moist, warm conditions, but they can occur at temperatures at or below 10°C in many environments, provided there is sufficient moisture and suitable pastures. Therefore, this statement is incorrect because it claims a narrow temperature threshold that does not capture the broader range of conditions under which footrot can occur.
Option C: 'It only occurs where the average annual rainfall is more than 500 mm.' Similarly, this is too restrictive. While higher rainfall and humidity favor footrot transmission and persistence, cases can appear in regions with rainfall below 500 mm if weather patterns create enough moisture on the hoofs and pastures. Thus, this statement is incorrect due to its exclusion of drier environments where footrot can still arise.
Option D: 'Dichelobacter nodosus can persist on pasture for 1 month.' The environmental survival of D. nodosus is variable and often limited by dryness, temperature, and UV exposure. A fixed persistence of one month on pasture is not consistently supported across conditions; it can be shorter or longer depending on circumstances, but presenting a strict one-month persistence as a general rule is inaccurate. This makes the statement incorrect.
Option E: 'Dichelobacter nodosus can persist throughout the year in under-run hooves.' Hooves that remain contaminated or are chronically under-run can provide a reservoir for the bacteria, contributing to year-round persistence in some settings, especially where hoof conditions and moist environments exist. This aligns with epidemiological understanding that hoof conditions can sustain infection pressure across seasons, making this statement plausible and correct in appropriate contexts.
In summary, A is consistent with known transmission pathways, E reflects potential year-round hoof-associated persistence, while B, C, and D make restrictive or inaccurate claims about environmental conditions, leading to their classification as incorrect statements in this question.

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