Alternative purification technologies are classified into which three areas?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Capture, intermediate, and polishing separation describes the typical three-stage classification of alternative purification technologies because each stage targets different impurity profiles and recovery goals in a purification train.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Downstream purification is often organized into stages: a primary "capture" step to remove bulk impurities and concentrate the product; one or more "intermediate" steps to separate closely related contaminants (e.g., host cell proteins, fragments); and "polishing" steps to remove trace impurities (e.g., aggregates, endotoxins, residual DNA) and to achieve final product quality. These stages guide technology selection and process design.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Step 1 (Capture): The first separation must be high-capacity and cost-effective to process the large feed volume and rapidly isolate the target. Typical methods: affinity chromatography, precipitation, flocculation, or initial membrane filtration. Objective: high yield and large-fold impurity reduction.
- Step 2 (Intermediate): After capture, the product still contains process-related impurities requiring further resolution. Methods include ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, or size-exclusion chromatography and more selective membrane operations. Objective: reduce closely related species and improve purity.
- Step 3 (Polishing): Final refinements remove trace impurities to meet regulatory/product specifications. Low-capacity, high-resolution techniques such as final ultrafiltration/diafiltration, fine chromatography, or virus-retentive filtration are used. Objective: ensure safety, stability, and required purity.

3) Intermediate steps shown explicitly
- Start with feed (high volume, low purity) → Capture concentrates product and removes bulk impurities → Intermediate separates remaining major contaminants → Polishing removes trace contaminants and adjusts formulation.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- This three-tier classification reflects industry practice and the functional objectives of each stage (capture, intermediate, polishing), making it the appropriate taxonomy for alternative purification technologies.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- "Batch, fed-batch, and continuous separation" describe process modes (operation strategies), not purification stages. "Centrifugal, membrane, and drying separation" are classes of unit operations but do not map to the stage-based purification taxonomy. "Bulk, field-based, and adsorptive separation" are not standard stage classifications and mix vague or technique-specific terms.

Conclusion: The correct classification is Capture, intermediate, and polishing separation, matching the provided answer.

Alternative purification technologies are classified into which three areas?单项选择题

类似问题

In the standard placement described in the Figure 11.2 discussion, which pair correctly lists the two timing options for adding the precipitating agent?

A major challenge of placing precipitation later in the purification process (e.g., after capture) is:

According to Gottschalk & Kelley, many companies have defined 'platform purification processes' based on:

Which of the following trees corresponds to a potential parse of the ambiguous sentence below, with correct syntactic categories? Some diagnostics are provided.

Which of the following sentences contain two non-finite verbs? Select all that apply.

Analyze the following sentence: The sentence contains [ Select ] 8 6 5 7 3 4 functional words, [ Select ] 2 3 1 4 5 count nouns, [ Select ] 4 5 2 1 3 mass nouns, and [ Select ] 1 5 2 3 4 adjectives.

更多留学生实用工具

智能学习助手

风格化写作助手

论文查重助手

文献引用助手

课堂转译助手

课堂笔记助手

Quiz搜索助手

学校历年真题

智能刷题助手

智能匹配练习

希望你的学习变得更简单