Which of the following correctly compares the structures and functions of RNA and DNA, and explains their roles in protein synthesis? (K:1)

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Which of the following correctly compares the structures and functions of RNA and DNA, and explains their roles in protein synthesis?

Options:
- a. DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
- b. DNA is single-stranded and catalyzes reactions; RNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information.
- c. DNA contains ribose sugar and uracil; RNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine.
- d. DNA is found in the cytoplasm and assists in translation; RNA is found in the nucleus and assists in replication.

Analysis of each option:
Option a: This statement aligns with foundational molecular biology. DNA is typically double-stranded and serves as the repository of genetic information. RNA is typically single-stranded and acts as the intermediary between DNA and the ribosome, carrying the genetic code for protein synthesis (mRNA) or performing roles in translation and catalysis in some RNAs. The description captures the classic flow of information: DNA -> RNA -> protein, with RNA delivering the message from the nucleus (or the region of transcription) to the ribosome where synthesis occurs.

Option b: This reverses the roles assigned to DNA and RNA and is inconsistent with established biology. DNA is not typically single-stranded nor primarily a catalyst in cells; rather, it stores genetic information. RNA is not double-stranded as its main form for carrying information; mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are generally single-stranded, with specific regions forming secondary structures, while DNA serves as the long-term information source.

Option c: This option confuses chemical components. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine (not uracil). RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil (not thymine). The statement swaps these canonical differences, which makes it inaccurate with respect to the chemistry of the nucleic acids and their base-pairing rules.

Option d: This statement reverses the typical cellular localization and roles. DNA is primarily housed in the nucleus (and in some organelles like mitochondria) and is involved in replication and storage of genetic information, while RNA functions in the cytoplasm and is central to translation and gene expression. Saying DNA assists in translation and RNA assists in replication misrepresents the standard division of labor and location within the cell.

Overall, each option presents a different claim about DNA and RNA. The scientifically established model emphasizes the double-stranded nature and storage role of DNA, and the single-stranded, messenger-like role of RNA in conveying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis, with the rest of the options containing core mismatches in structure, function, chemistry, or cellular localization.

Which of the following correctly compares the structures and functions of RNA and DNA, and explains their roles in protein synthesis? (K:1)单项选择题

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