Which of the following provides a behavioral account of impulsivity?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Delay discounting measures how the subjective value of a reward falls as the delay to its receipt increases, and thus directly quantifies a behavioral form of impulsivity — the preference for smaller-sooner over larger-later outcomes.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Impulsivity can be operationalized behaviorally as a tendency to choose immediate smaller rewards over larger delayed rewards.
- Delay-discounting tasks present choices between immediate and delayed rewards and yield a discount rate (k) or area-under-the-curve (AUC) index: higher k (or lower AUC) = greater impulsivity.
- Common mathematical models: exponential V = A e^{-rD} and hyperbolic V = A/(1 + kD); empirical data often fit the hyperbolic form better.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- In a typical task, a participant repeatedly chooses between, for example, $50 now versus $100 after some delay. The point at which the participant is indifferent gives the subjective value of the delayed reward.
- Using the hyperbolic model, set subjective value V equal to the immediate option and solve for k.

3) Calculation example (intermediate steps)
- Suppose indifference between $50 now and $100 in 6 months: V = 100/(1 + k*6) = 50.
- Solve: 100/(1 + 6k) = 50 → 1 + 6k = 100/50 = 2 → 6k = 1 → k = 1/6 ≈ 0.1667.
- A larger k (e.g., 0.5) would indicate much steeper discounting and thus higher impulsivity.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Delay discounting directly captures the behavioral preference central to impulsivity (immediacy bias). It provides quantitative behavioral indices (k, AUC) that map onto impulsive choice.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- Response-inhibition tasks (go/no-go, stop-signal) assess motor inhibition, a different facet of impulsivity (impulsive action), not the choice-based impulsivity that delay discounting measures.
- Self-report scales capture subjective trait reports, not the behavioral trade-offs delay discounting quantifies.

6) Conclusion
- Therefore, delay discounting is the behavioral account of impulsivity described; this matches the provided correct answer: Delay discounting.

Which of the following provides a behavioral account of impulsivity? 单项选择题

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