Si has an atomic number of 14. This means it has 4 electrons in its valence shell (the 3rd shell). How many other Si atoms does each Si atom bond with to form solid Si?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Si has electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2, so it has 4 valence electrons in the third shell (3s2 3p2).

1) Relevant concepts:
- Valence electrons determine how many covalent bonds an atom typically forms.
- The octet rule: atoms tend to share electrons to achieve a filled valence shell (8 electrons for main-group elements).
- In a solid, silicon atoms form a tetrahedral, diamond‑cubic network via sp3 hybridization, giving each atom four neighbors (coordination number 4).

2) Step-by-step reasoning:
- Atomic number 14 means 14 electrons total. Filling shells: 1s2 (2), 2s2 2p6 (8), leaving 4 electrons in 3s/3p.
- Those 4 valence electrons can each participate in one single covalent bond by sharing one electron with another Si atom.
- Each covalent bond is a shared pair; for every bond an Si atom forms it donates one electron and receives one from its neighbor, so forming 4 bonds uses its 4 valence electrons and results in an effective octet (4 shared pairs = 8 electrons around Si).

3) Intermediate calculation/clarification:
- Valence electrons = 4.
- Number of single covalent bonds possible = number of valence electrons available to share = 4.
- In the crystalline solid, each Si uses all 4 valence electrons to bond to 4 neighboring Si atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement (bond angle ≈109.5°).

4) Why the correct answer is correct:
- Forming four bonds satisfies silicon’s tendency to complete its octet and matches observed structure of crystalline silicon (diamond-like lattice) where each atom is coordinated to four others.

5) Why other choices are incorrect:
- a. 1, b. 2, c. 3: would leave unpaired valence electrons or incomplete octet and do not match silicon’s sp3 bonding tendency.
- e. 5: exceeds silicon’s four available valence electrons and is not chemically feasible for neutral Si.

Conclusion: Each Si atom bonds with 4 other Si atoms in solid silicon, so the correct answer is d. 4.

Si has an atomic number of 14. This means it has 4 electrons in its valence shell (the 3rd shell). How many other Si atoms does each Si atom bond with to form solid Si?单项选择题

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Si has an atomic number of 14. This means it has 4 electrons in its valence shell (the 3rd shell). How many other Si atoms does each Si atom bond with to form solid Si?

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