The cardinal colour space was defined by Krauskopf, Williams and Heeley (1984) on the basis of…

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Krauskopf et al. found that visual adaptation behaved as if there are three orthogonal (cardinal) directions in colour space: a luminance axis (L+M), a red–green axis (L–M) and a blue–yellow axis (S − (L+M)). This conclusion came from psychophysical adaptation experiments using carefully calibrated stimuli, not from direct single-cell recordings or cultural colour schemes.

Relevant knowledge points:
- Photoreceptors: three cone types (L, M, S) give initial signals; downstream mechanisms combine cone responses into opponent channels.
- Psychophysical adaptation: prolonged exposure to a given chromatic direction raises detection thresholds or biases perception selectively along that direction.
- Cardinal axes: directions in a colour coordinate system along which adaptation effects are independent, implying separate processing channels.

Step-by-step reasoning (experimental logic):
1. Observers were presented with calibrated lights oriented along many directions in a cone-based colour space and adapted to a particular chromatic direction for an extended period.
2. After adaptation, thresholds for detecting test stimuli (or perceived hue shifts) were measured across different test directions.
3. If adaptation to one direction only impaired detection for stimuli along the same direction, and produced little or no impairment for orthogonal directions, this indicates independent channels tuned to those directions.
4. Krauskopf, Williams and Heeley found three such mutually independent directions, which they therefore defined as the cardinal axes of colour space.

Why the correct answer is correct:
The authors used psychophysical adaptability (adaptation and threshold measurements) with calibrated stimuli to reveal separable adaptation effects, demonstrating independent mechanisms and thus defining the cardinal colour axes.

Why other options are incorrect:
- "the chromatic selectivity of LGN neurons": that describes Derrington, Krauskopf & Lennie’s neurophysiological findings, not the psychophysical basis used by Krauskopf, Williams & Heeley here.
- "the chromatic selectivity of V1 neurones": V1 physiology was studied later and is not the basis for this specific 1984 psychophysical definition.
- "the colour scheme in the Vatican": irrelevant and incorrect.

Conclusion: The correct answer is “independent psychophysical adaptability to calibrated colour stimuli,” which matches the provided answer.

The cardinal colour space was defined by Krauskopf, Williams and Heeley (1984) on the basis of…单项选择题

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