How does the given function improve the code versus if no function was present?

double FahrenheitToCelsius(double fahrenheit) {
   return (fahrenheit - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0;
}
int main() {
   double fahrenheit;
   cin fahrenheit;
   int c1;
   int c2;
   int c3;
   c1 = FahrenheitToCelsius(fahrenheit);
   c2 = FahrenheitToCelsius(32.0);
   c3 = FahrenheitToCelsius(72.0);
}

Question

How does the given function improve the code versus if no function was present?

double FahrenheitToCelsius(double fahrenheit) {
   return (fahrenheit - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0;
} 
int main() {
   double fahrenheit; 
   cin >> fahrenheit;
   int c1;
   int c2;
   int c3;
   c1 = FahrenheitToCelsius(fahrenheit);
   c2 = FahrenheitToCelsius(32.0);
   c3 = FahrenheitToCelsius(72.0);
}

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Encapsulation and reuse: the FahrenheitToCelsius function encapsulates the conversion formula (fahrenheit − 32.0) × 5.0 / 9.0 so that the same calculation can be invoked wherever needed instead of being typed repeatedly.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Function abstraction: putting a specific computation into a named function hides implementation details and provides a single reusable unit.
- DRY principle (Don't Repeat Yourself): avoid duplicating the same expression in multiple places.
- Maintainability/readability: changes to the conversion need to be made in one place; code is shorter and clearer.
- Performance: a function call may introduce negligible overhead but is not the primary benefit here.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
Without the function, main would contain the full formula at each assignment:
c1 = (fahrenheit - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0;
c2 = (32.0 - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0;
c3 = (72.0 - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0;
That repeats the same arithmetic three times. With the function, the formula is written once and reused:
c1 = FahrenheitToCelsius(fahrenheit);
c2 = FahrenheitToCelsius(32.0);
c3 = FahrenheitToCelsius(72.0);

3) Calculations (intermediate steps)
Evaluate the repeated expressions to show redundancy:
- For 32.0: (32.0 − 32.0) = 0.0 → 0.0 × 5.0 = 0.0 → 0.0 / 9.0 = 0.0
- For 72.0: (72.0 − 32.0) = 40.0 → 40.0 × 5.0 = 200.0 → 200.0 / 9.0 ≈ 22.222...
Both use identical operations; writing them three times copies the same steps.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
Because the function centralizes the conversion logic, it removes the need to duplicate the same arithmetic expression each time a conversion is required. This directly decreases redundant code and reduces the chance of copy-paste errors.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- "Reduces the number of variables": false — the number of variables (c1, c2, c3, fahrenheit) is unchanged by introducing the function.
- "Makes main() run faster": false — function calls may add minor overhead; any speed difference is negligible and not the main improvement.
- "The function does not improve the code": false — it improves readability, maintainability, and eliminates redundancy.

Conclusion: The use of the function decreases redundant code. This matches the provided correct answer.

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