Researchers wants to investigate whether previous Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to gastric cancer. They recruit patients who already have gastric cancer and compare them with individuals without gastric cancer, They then review past medical records to determine previous Helicobacter pylori infection status. Which study design does this describe? 研究人员希望调查既往幽门螺旋杆菌感染是否与胃癌有关。他们招募已经患有胃癌的患者，并将其与无胃癌患者进行比较，然后审查以往的病历以确定幽门螺旋杆菌的感染状况。这描述的是哪种研究设计？ 单项选择题

A

Cross-sectional study 横断面研究

B

Case-control study 病例对照研究

C

Prospective cohort study 前瞻性队列研究

D

Non-randomized trial 非随机试验

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