What does a capacitor consist of?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks what a capacitor consists of, so we will evaluate each option before identifying the correct one.
Option a: 'Two plate conductors carrying charges of opposite magnitude and equal sign.' This is incorrect because opposite charges are required on the plates of a capacitor, but the magnitudes are equal and the signs are opposite, not both opposite sign in the sense of opposite sign for each plate. The phrase 'opposite magnitude and equal sign' is inconsistent with the standard capacitor arrangement where charges are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign.
Option b: 'Two plate conductors carrying charges of equal magnitude and opposite sign.' This is correct. A capacitor comprises two conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric, with equal magnitude charges of opposite sign on the plates, creating an electric field between them.
Option c: 'Two plate conductors carrying potentials of opposite magnitude and equal sign.' This is misleading. While the plates have potentials, the defining feature is the charge separation (equal magnitude, opposite sign) rather than the potentials being opposite in magnitude and equal in sign. Potentials depend on reference and are not the fundamental description of a capacitor.
Option d: 'Two plate conductors carrying potentials of equal magnitude and opposite sign.' Again, the emphasis on potentials is not the primary description; a capacitor stores energy via charge separation, not simply opposing potentials. This wording misstates the core idea, since equal magnitude and opposite sign of charges, not potentials, define the capacitor action.
In summary, the essential concept is a pair of conductors (plates) with equal and opposite charges, producing the electric field that stores energy in the dielectric between them, which aligns with option b.

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