Which of the following boils at the highest temperature?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To determine which compound boils at the highest temperature, we consider how boiling points generally rise with increasing molecular size and the strength of intermolecular forces in alkanes.
Option 1: C5H12. Pentane tends to have a relatively low boiling point compared to longer alkane chains because it has fewer carbons and weaker overall London dispersion forces. Its molecular weight and surface area are smaller, leading to weaker van der Waals interactions.
Option 2: C6H14. Hexane is heavier than pentane, so its boiling point is higher due to stronger dispersion forces, but it still remains lower than longer-chain alkanes with more surface area and mass.
Option 3: C8H18. Octane has the largest carbon count among the given options, which generally corresponds to the strongest cumulative London dispersion forces in this set. The greater molecular weight and surface area increase intermolecular attractions, causing a higher boiling point than the shorter alkanes in the list.
Option 4: C7H16. Heptane falls between hexane and octane in terms of chain length and mass. Its boiling point is higher than that of pentane and hexane but lower than that of octane because the dispersion forces are not as strong as those in the longer C8H18 chain.
In summary, as the carbon chain length grows from 5 to 8, the boiling point typically increases due to stronger London dispersion forces arising from greater molecular size and surface area. Among the provided options, the longest alkane, C8H18, exhibits the strongest intermolecular attractions and thus boils at the highest temperature.

Which of the following boils at the highest temperature?未知题型

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