The identical twins were more similar in terms of education and career than the men raised as fraternal twins.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Monozygotic (identical) twins share 100% of their genes; dizygotic (fraternal) twins share on average 50%. Twin studies use this genetic difference plus the fact that twins often share the same family environment to estimate genetic (heritability) versus environmental contributions to traits such as education and career attainment.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Monozygotic (MZ) vs dizygotic (DZ) twins: genetic relatedness (100% vs ~50%).
- Shared environment: family socioeconomic status, schooling, parental expectations strongly influence education/career.
- Heritability estimate from twin correlations: h^2 ≈ 2(rMZ − rDZ). If rMZ and rDZ are similar, heritability is low and environment predominates.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- The statement claims MZ twins were more similar in education/career than DZ twins raised as twins.
- If education/career were strongly genetic, we would observe a substantially higher correlation for MZ than DZ (rMZ ≫ rDZ).
- If shared environment dominates, rMZ and rDZ will be similar, and MZ will not be markedly more similar.

3. Calculations (illustrative intermediate steps)
- Suppose empirical correlations were rMZ = 0.65 and rDZ = 0.62 (example consistent with strong shared-environment influence).
- h^2 ≈ 2(0.65 − 0.62) = 2(0.03) = 0.06 (6% heritability) — a very small genetic effect, meaning MZ are not substantially more similar.
- If rMZ and rDZ are nearly equal, the difference is negligible and the assertion that MZ are more similar is false.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- Education and career outcomes are heavily shaped by shared environmental factors; empirical twin data often show little extra similarity for MZ over DZ on these outcomes when raised together. Therefore identical twins are not reliably more similar than fraternal twins for education/career in this context.

5. Why the other option is incorrect
- “True” would require clear, substantially higher concordance for identical twins; given the strong role of shared environment in education/career, that is not supported.

6. Conclusion
- The correct answer is False, which matches the provided answer.

The identical twins were more similar in terms of education and career than the men raised as fraternal twins. 判断题

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