Assuming that the following sample table is for a cohort study, define the attributable risk:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

First, let's restate the question and the answer choices to set the stage for analysis.
Question: Assuming that the following sample table is for a cohort study, define the attributable risk:
Answer options:
1) (A/A + C) / (B/B + D)
2) (A/A + B) / (C/C + D)
3) (A/A + C) − (B/B + D)
4) (A/A + B) − (C/C + D)
5) None of these is correct.

Now, evaluate each option in turn:
Option 1: (A/A + C) / (B/B + D)
- This expression does not correspond to a standard measure of risk or risk difference in a cohort table. It attempts to combine A with C in the numerator and B with D in the denominator in a way that does not yield a meaningful difference or ratio of incidences between exposed and unexposed groups. Therefore, this is incorrect.

Option 2: (A/A + B) / (C/C + D)
- Here, A/(A+B) would be the incidence among the exposed, and C/(C+D) would be the incidence among the unexposed. However, the option presents the ratio of two incidences, effectively a risk ratio, but the formatting shown (A/A + B) / (C/C + D) is not the standard risk ratio definition and combines terms in a way that misrepresents the calculation. Hence this is not the correct definition of attributable risk.

Option 3: (A/A + C) − (B/B + D)
- This attempts to subtract the exposure-unrelated components (B/(B+D)) or similar, but the terms inside the subtraction do not correspond to incidences in exposed and unexposed groups. It mixes A and C in one term and B and D in another in a manner that does not reflect the difference in incidence between exposed and unexposed. Thus, this is incorrect.

Option 4: (A/A + B) − (C/C + D)
- This is the closest to the standard definition of attributable risk in a cohort study. The incidence in the exposed group is A/(A+B), and the incidence in the unexposed group is C/(C+D). Subtracting the latter from the former yields the attributable risk: difference in risk due to exposure. The expression matches this concept, accounting for the appropriate denominators for each group. Therefore, this is correct.

Option 5: None of these is correct.
- Since Option 4 provides a correct representation of attributable risk, this statement is false.

To summarize, the correct way to define attributable risk in this cohort-table setup is the difference between the incidence in the exposed and the incidence in the unexposed: A/(A+B) − C/(C+D). Among the given choices, that corresponds to option 4: (A/A + B) − (C/C + D).

Assuming that the following sample table is for a cohort study, define the attributable risk:单项选择题

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