Ray is very attentive and supportive with his son Jose when he is sober, but when Ray drinks he often ignores his son and sometimes verbally abuses him. Jose never knows which way his father will act. If the father is Jose’s primary caregiver, Jose is likely to develop which attachment style __________.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The scenario involves a caregiver (Ray) who is emotionally available and supportive when sober, but becomes inconsistent, sometimes ignoring and even verbally abusing Jose when he drinks. This inconsistency creates unpredictability in caregiving, which is a key factor in forming an anxious/ambivalent attachment style in the child.

Option 1: 'fearful' — This term is often associated with fearful or disorganized attachment, which arises from frightening or chaotic caregiving, not simply inconsistency with alcohol use. While Ray's behavior could contribute to fear in the child, the more classic label for inconsistent caregiving is anxious/ambivalent rather than fearful/disorganized.

Option 2: 'secure' — A secure attachment develops when a caregiver is consistently responsive, sensitive, and reliable. Ray’s pattern of sobriety-related inconsistency contradicts the reliability required for a secure attachment, making this option inappropriate.

Option 3: 'anxious/ambivalent' — When a caregiver is inconsistent—some moments warm and caring, other times neglectful or hostile—the child often becomes anxious about the caregiver's availability and may display clingy or uncertain behavior. This aligns with the description given in Jose’s experience and is the classic outcome in attachment theory for such caregiving patterns.

Option 4: 'dismissive' — Dismissive (or avoidant) attachment typically results from a caregiver who is consistently emotionally distant or unreponsive. Inconsistent behavior does not usually produce a largely avoidant tendency; rather, variability tends to cultivate anxiety about availability, not outright avoidance.

Option 5: 'defensive' — Defensive labeling is not a standard attachment style in classic attachment theory. While a child might develop defensive strategies in response to inconsistency and abuse, the conventional taxonomy emphasizes secure, anxious/ambivalent, avoidant (dismissive), and disorganized types. Therefore this option mischaracterizes the framework.

In summary, the core issue is the unpredictability of the caregiving environment due to the caregiver’s alcohol-related fluctuations, which most consistently leads to an anxious/ambivalent attachment pattern in the child. The other options reflect different attachment outcomes that don’t map as directly to the described inconsistency and potential abuse.

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According to the textbook (Smith et al., 2015), what are the four kinds of attachment that researchers use to describe people?

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更多留学生实用工具

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