When a two-dimensional array is passed as an actual parameter, the number
of columns of the actual and formal arrays must match.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Because element addressing in a contiguous two-dimensional array uses the column count as the row stride, the called routine must agree with the actual array’s column size. Key concept: in languages where a 2-D array is stored as a contiguous block (e.g., C/C++/Pascal), the compiler computes the address of element [i][j] as base + (i * num_columns + j) * element_size. The function parameter must therefore know num_columns to compute correct offsets.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1) Relevant knowledge points: (a) 2-D arrays stored row-major as contiguous memory require a fixed row length (number of columns) to compute element addresses; (b) when an array decays to a pointer parameter (e.g., int a[][N] or int (*p)[N] in C), the N (column count) must match the actual array’s column count.
2) Suppose actual array is int A[3][5] (3 rows, 5 columns) and element size is 4 bytes. Address of A[1][2] = base + (1*5 + 2)*4 = base + 7*4 = base + 28 bytes.
3) If a function were declared expecting int B[][4] and the function computes B[1][2], it would compute base + (1*4 + 2)*4 = base + 6*4 = base + 24 bytes. That is a different memory location (24 vs 28 bytes) and yields wrong data and undefined behavior.
4) Therefore the number of columns in the formal parameter must match the actual array’s number of columns so indexing and pointer arithmetic remain correct.

Why the correct answer is correct: the requirement comes from the addressing formula and the need for the callee to know row stride. If columns differed, indexing would reference wrong memory. Other option (False) is incorrect because it ignores this addressing requirement in contiguous 2-D arrays; passing arrays with mismatched column counts leads to incorrect addressing and undefined behavior.

Conclusion: The correct answer is True.

When a two-dimensional array is passed as an actual parameter, the number of columns of the actual and formal arrays must match.判断题

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