If a person wants to use shaping to train a new puppy to respond to a name, he would call the name and then:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Shaping trains behavior by reinforcing successive approximations toward a target response. In operant conditioning, you reward closer and closer behaviors (successive approximations) so the animal gradually emits the full desired response.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Operant conditioning: behaviors followed by reinforcement increase in frequency.
- Shaping: reinforcing incremental steps (look → turn → approach) rather than waiting for the full behavior to occur spontaneously.
- Prompting/luring vs. reinforcement: prompts can speed performance but should be faded; physical coercion is not shaping.
- Timing and contiguity: reward immediately after the approximated behavior to create a clear association.

2) Step-by-step reasoning process
- Call the puppy’s name and wait briefly. If the puppy looks at you, immediately deliver a reward (treat/praise). This reinforces “looking” as associated with the name.
- After the puppy reliably looks when called, raise the criterion: call the name and reward only when the puppy not only looks but turns its body toward you. Reinforce that next approximation.
- Next, require a further approximation: call the name and reward when the puppy takes a few steps toward you. Continue increasing the criterion until the puppy comes fully when called.
- Throughout, use immediate, consistent reinforcement and gradually require more of the response before rewarding.

3) Calculations
- None required; this is behavioral procedure rather than numeric.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- It precisely describes shaping: reward first for looking, then for turning, then for moving toward you—each step builds on the prior reinforced behavior.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- Pull the puppy with a leash: this is prompting/forceful and doesn’t use successive approximations; it can create aversion.
- Reward only when the puppy comes all the way: too high a criterion initially; the puppy may rarely succeed spontaneously, so learning is slow.
- Jingle keys/shake a toy: this is luring or distracting, not shaping the association between the name and the approach behavior.

6) Conclusion
This approach (reward for looking, then turning, then taking steps) is shaping and matches the provided correct answer.

If a person wants to use shaping to train a new puppy to respond to a name, he would call the name and then:未知题型

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