The oldest record of Japanese history is:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), compiled in 712 CE, is the oldest extant chronicle of Japan and therefore the correct choice.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Kojiki: compiled in 712 CE by Ō no Yasumaro at the request of Empress Gemmei; a collection of myths, genealogies, and early historical narratives, considered the earliest surviving written record of Japan’s history.
- Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan): compiled in 720 CE, a more elaborate and Chinese-style official history that comes after the Kojiki.
- Manyoshu: an 8th-century anthology of poetry (compiled c.759), not a historical chronicle.
- Kokinshu (Kokin Wakashū): an early Heian-period imperial waka anthology compiled around 905 CE, also literary rather than a historical record.

2. Step-by-step reasoning process
- Determine which option is the earliest in date and which is specifically a historical record.
- Kojiki has a firm compilation date of 712 CE and is explicitly a record of ancient matters—myths and early imperial genealogies—thus functioning as the earliest historical source.
- Compare dates: Nihon Shoki (720 CE) is later; Manyoshu (~759 CE) and Kokinshu (~905 CE) are later and literary.

3. Intermediate steps/calculations (chronological ordering)
- Kojiki: 712 CE
- Nihon Shoki: 720 CE → 720 > 712
- Manyoshu: ~759 CE → 759 > 712
- Kokinshu: ~905 CE → 905 > 712
Therefore Kojiki is earliest.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- Kojiki predates all other listed works and serves as the earliest surviving written compilation that preserves Japan’s origin myths and genealogical/historical material. Its purpose and date make it the oldest record of Japanese history.

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- Nihon Shoki: an important early history but compiled in 720 CE, after Kojiki.
- Manyoshu: poetry anthology, not a historical chronicle, compiled later.
- Kokinshu: imperial poetry anthology from c.905 CE, literary rather than historical.

6. Conclusion confirming the answer
- Given its 712 CE compilation date and status as the earliest surviving chronicle, the correct answer is Kojiki.

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