What would shift aggregate demand (AD) to the left?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Aggregate demand (AD) equals C + I + G + (X − M), so anything that reduces one or more of these components shifts AD to the left. Higher taxes directly reduce disposable income and therefore consumption (C); they can also lower investment (I) indirectly by reducing demand expectations.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- AD components: consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G), net exports (X − M).
- Consumption depends on disposable income: C = a + b(Y − T), where b is the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), Y is income, and T is taxes.
- A leftward shift of AD means a decrease in overall demand at every price level.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Increasing T raises taxes, so disposable income (Y − T) falls.
- By the consumption function, ΔC = b · Δ(Y − T). If ΔT > 0, Δ(Y − T) = −ΔT, so ΔC = −b·ΔT (a negative change).
- Lower consumption reduces AD directly; lower expected demand may reduce I as well, amplifying the decline.

3) Intermediate calculation example
- Suppose MPC b = 0.8 and taxes increase by 100 (ΔT = +100).
- Change in consumption: ΔC = −b·ΔT = −0.8 × 100 = −80.
- With multiplier k = 1/(1 − b) = 1/0.2 = 5, total AD change = k × ΔC = 5 × (−80) = −400. This shows how a tax rise can produce a sizable leftward shift in AD.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Higher taxes reduce disposable income and thus consumption and aggregate demand; through the multiplier this produces a leftward shift of the AD curve.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- "A lower interest rate" increases investment (I), shifting AD to the right, not left.
- "Anything that increases C, I, G, X, or decreases M" describes factors that shift AD to the right (increase AD), the opposite of a leftward shift.
- "All of these" is wrong because not all listed options cause a leftward shift.

6) Conclusion
Therefore, the correct choice is higher taxes, which reduces disposable income and consumption and shifts aggregate demand to the left, matching the provided answer.

What would shift aggregate demand (AD) to the left?单项选择题

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The aggregate demand curve is downward sloping because a higher inflation rate leads the central bank to raise interest rates, thereby equilibrium output.

Everything else held constant, an increase in financial frictions aggregate .

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What would shift aggregate demand (AD) to the left?单项选择题

类似问题

What would lower aggregate demand (AD)?

Why is aggregate demand (AD) downward-sloping?

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The aggregate demand curve is downward sloping because a higher inflation rate leads the central bank to raise ________ interest rates, thereby ________ equilibrium output.

Everything else held constant, an increase in financial frictions ________ aggregate ________.

更多留学生实用工具

希望你的学习变得更简单

The aggregate demand curve is downward sloping because a higher inflation rate leads the central bank to raise interest rates, thereby equilibrium output.

Everything else held constant, an increase in financial frictions aggregate .