For Exercise 3, what type of reference is necessary for each of the costs, i.e. for cells B43, C43, and D43?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

An absolute row reference fixes the row number while allowing the column to change when a formula is copied across columns. This is the key concept for cells B43, C43 and D43.

Relevant knowledge points:
- Relative reference (e.g., B43): both column and row change when copied.
- Absolute column reference (e.g., $B43): column fixed, row relative.
- Absolute row reference (e.g., B$43): row fixed, column relative.
- Fully absolute (e.g., $B$43): both column and row fixed.
For formulas that must keep the same row when dragged horizontally, use a mixed reference with the dollar sign before the row only (B$43).

Step-by-step reasoning with a concrete example:
1. Suppose each month's cost cell (B43) multiplies that month’s quantity in row 42 by a rate stored on row 43 (so formula in B43 is =B42 * B$43).
2. If you copy that formula from B43 to C43:
   - With a relative row reference (B42 * B43) the reference would change to C42 * C43 — the row 43 reference would shift if dragging vertically or if the intended rate is on a fixed row it would be wrong.
   - With B$43, copying to C43 yields C42 * C$43 — column updates from B to C (correct for month) but row stays at 43 (rate stays fixed on row 43).
3. With a fully absolute reference ($B$43), copying to C43 would produce C42 * $B$43 — the column would remain B, so the formula would keep pointing to column B’s rate rather than the correct column C rate.
4. With an absolute column only ($B43), the column would remain B and be wrong when copied to C43.

Why the correct choice is correct:
- You want the row containing the cost/rate fixed (so the formula always points to that row) while allowing the month column to change as you copy across. That requires an absolute row reference (e.g., B$43).

Why other options are incorrect:
- Absolute column or fully absolute would fix columns and prevent correct horizontal updates.
- A purely relative reference would let the row shift and lose the fixed-rate row.

Conclusion: The correct reference type for B43, C43 and D43 is an Absolute row reference, matching the provided answer.

For Exercise 3, what type of reference is necessary for each of the costs, i.e. for cells B43, C43, and D43?单项选择题

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