Paramyxoviruses evade the host immune system by

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When considering how Paramyxoviruses evade the host immune system, it helps to recall their characteristic strategies related to cell-to-cell spread and immune masking.
Option 1: 'infecting only red blood cells.' This is inaccurate because paramyxoviruses do not primarily target red blood cells; their tropism includes respiratory epithelial cells and other tissues, and their pathogenic strategies involve syncytia formation rather than selective infection of erythrocytes.
Option 2: 'entering new cells by inducing syncytia formation.' This describes a key immune-evasion mechanism of paramyxoviruses: the fusion of infected cells with neighboring cells to form multinucleated syncytia, enabling direct cell-to-cell spread that bypasses extracellular neutralizing antibodies.
Option 3: 'producing an inhibitor specific for lymphocyte receptors.' While some viruses produce proteins that modulate the immune system, this description does not capture the classic or defining evasion tactic of paramyxoviruses, making it an unlikely general mechanism for this group.
Option 4: 'a display of host antigens on its surface.' Displaying host antigens to evade detection is more characteristic of other evasion strategies or different virus families; it does not describe the well-known syncytia-driven spread seen in paramyxoviruses.
In summary, the most accurate description among the options is the induction of syncytia formation to facilitate spread between adjacent cells, thereby helping the virus evade extracellular immune factors like neutralizing antibodies.

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