Which of these examples illustrates a vertical transmission of a parasite? (2 answers)

Question

Which of these examples illustrates a vertical transmission of a parasite? (2 answers)

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks which examples illustrate vertical transmission of a parasite, and specifies that there are two correct options.
Option 1: 'A pregnant mother passes HIV to her child.' This is a classic case of vertical (or perinatal) transmission, where the pathogen is transmitted from parent to offspring during pregnancy, birth, or via breastfeeding. HIV can cross the placental barrier or be transmitted during delivery or through breast milk, making this indeed a vertical transmission example.
Option 2: 'A fungal pathogen infects a plant and deposits spores in the seeds that infect the plant's offspring.' This describes seed transmission, where the pathogen or its propagules are carried into the next generation through the seeds. In plant parasitology, this is another form of vertical transmission because the infection is passed from parent plant to progeny via the seeds, ensuring the offspring are infected.
Since the prompt marks two correct answers and both scenarios involve transmission from parent to offspring across generations, both options accurately illustrate vertical transmission.

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