Question textA certain disease is reported to have a concordance ratio of 8.5 from twin studies, with DZ twins showing on average 5% concordance. What concordance do you expect to observe in a new study of MZ twins? Provide a numerical answer to 1 decimal place.Answer 1 Question 10[input] %

Question

Question textA certain disease is reported to have a concordance ratio of 8.5 from twin studies, with DZ twins showing on average 5% concordance. What concordance do you expect to observe in a new study of MZ twins? Provide a numerical answer to 1 decimal place.Answer 1 Question 10[input] %

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Concordance ratio here is the fold-change of MZ concordance relative to DZ concordance, so MZ_concordance = concordance_ratio × DZ_concordance.

Relevant concepts:
- Concordance is usually expressed as a percentage (probability that the co-twin is affected given one twin is affected).
- A concordance ratio of 8.5 means monozygotic (MZ) twins are 8.5 times as likely to be concordant as dizygotic (DZ) twins.
- Basic arithmetic and percent–decimal conversion are used to compute the expected MZ concordance.

Step-by-step calculation:
1. Convert DZ concordance from percent to a decimal: 5% = 0.05.
2. Multiply by the concordance ratio: MZ_concordance (decimal) = 8.5 × 0.05.
   - 8.5 × 0.05 = 8.5 × (5/100) = (8.5 × 5)/100 = 42.5/100 = 0.425.
3. Convert back to percent: 0.425 = 42.5%.
4. Round to one decimal place: 42.5% (already at one decimal).

Why this is correct:
- The provided “concordance ratio” is explicitly a multiplicative factor. Applying that factor to the observed DZ concordance gives the expected MZ concordance. The arithmetic yields 42.5%, a plausible probability (between 0% and 100%) and matches the provided authoritative answer.

Why alternative guesses would be wrong:
- Using 5% (the DZ value) ignores the ratio and would imply no increased concordance in MZ twins.
- Any value much larger than 100% would be impossible for a percentage and would indicate a miscalculation (e.g., forgetting to convert percent to decimal).
- A value like 42% (rounded differently) would be slightly off from the required one-decimal precision.

Conclusion: Expected MZ concordance = 42.5%, which matches the provided answer.

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