Question at position 15 Sufficient material and social resources, as well as living in a desirable society, are three external (or ______) influences of subjective well-being.gestalttop-downbottom-upconstructiviststructuralist单项选择题
A
gestalt
B
top-down
C
bottom-up
D
constructivist
E
structuralist

Question

Question at position 15 Sufficient material and social resources, as well as living in a desirable society, are three external (or ______) influences of subjective well-being.gestalttop-downbottom-upconstructiviststructuralist单项选择题

A

gestalt

B

top-down

C

bottom-up

D

constructivist

E

structuralist

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

External influences on subjective well‑being are called bottom‑up factors because they originate outside the individual and feed into a person’s overall life satisfaction.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Subjective well‑being (SWB) refers to people’s evaluations of their own lives, encompassing life satisfaction, positive affect, and low negative affect.
- Two broad sources of SWB are often contrasted: top‑down influences (internal, dispositional factors such as personality, outlook, and cognitive biases) and bottom‑up influences (external, situational factors such as income, social resources, and living conditions).
- Other listed terms (gestalt, constructivist, structuralist) are theoretical or methodological labels that do not specifically denote the internal/external distinction used in SWB literature.

2) Step‑by‑step reasoning
- The prompt lists “sufficient material and social resources, as well as living in a desirable society” and labels them as external influences of SWB.
- Match the phrase “external (or ______) influences” to the term that denotes external, situational inputs to well‑being.
- By definition, “bottom‑up” refers to inputs from environmental and situational conditions that accumulate to produce overall well‑being. Therefore it is the best fit.

3) (No numerical calculations are needed for this conceptual question.)

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- “Bottom‑up” fits because those examples (material resources, social resources, societal quality) are environmental determinants that shape well‑being from the outside in. Bottom‑up models propose that favorable external conditions build up positive life evaluations and affect.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- Gestalt: relates to perceiving wholes rather than parts; not the established term for external/inward influences in SWB.
- Top‑down: denotes internal, dispositional influences (opposite of external), so it contradicts the prompt.
- Constructivist: a theoretical perspective about how knowledge or social reality is constructed; not the specific label for external SWB influences.
- Structuralist: refers to structural explanations in social sciences but does not specifically mean external personal influences in SWB terminology.

Conclusion: The correct choice is bottom-up, which matches the provided answer.

Question at position 15 Sufficient material and social resources, as well as living in a desirable society, are three external (or ______) influences of subjective well-being.gestalttop-downbottom-upconstructiviststructuralist单项选择题

类似问题

Psychologists studying subjective well being note that happiness is related to

Question at position 16 What is the name of the scientific term used to describe how people experience the quality of their lives in terms of life satisfaction?relationship satisfactionlife confidencehappinesssubjective well-beingsocial integration

Which of the following components are measured by psychologists interested in subjective well-being?

Which of the following best describes the relation of money to subjective well-being?

Which of the following is NOT a finding of Stevenson and Wolfers (2013)?

How did Egyptian culture and governance change during the Ptolemaic period compared to the pharaonic period?

Name the Supreme Court decision that removed financial constraints on PACs.

Political scientists Joshua Kalla and David Broockman find that senior policy makers made themselves available to _____ between three and four times more often than they did to constituents.

更多留学生实用工具

智能学习助手

风格化写作助手

论文查重助手

文献引用助手

课堂转译助手

课堂笔记助手

Quiz搜索助手

学校历年真题

智能刷题助手

智能匹配练习

希望你的学习变得更简单