Consider the following code snippet: // suppose T1 is a LinkedList that currently // stores 5 elements. LinkedList T2 = T1.clone(); T2.insertLast(42); T2.clear(); // Remove all elements from T2. Suppose the clone() method for LinkedList is a shallow clone. After the above code is executed, how many elements are in the list T1?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle this, start by restating the situation and the operations performed on copies of the list.
Option analysis begins with the initial condition: T1 is a LinkedList<Integer> that currently stores 5 elements.
1) Option: 6
This would imply that cloning T1 somehow increases the size of T1 after the subsequent operations. However, cloning creates a new separate list (T2) and does not modify the original list (T1) in a way that adds elements to T1. The only insertion happens into T2 (insertLast(42)), so T1 remaining at 5 elements makes 6 incorrect.
2) Option: 7
Similar reasoning as above applies; there is no operation that would magically add two new elements to T1. The only explicit modification to T2 is the single insertLast(42) and then clear, neither of which adds elements to T1. Therefore, 7 is also incorrect.
3) Option: 5
This aligns with the semantics of a shallow clone. A shallow clone copies the structure so that T2 and T1 share the same element references, but T2 is a separate list instance. After inserting 42 into T2, that element exists only in T2. Then T2.clear() removes all elements from T2, leaving T1 untouched at its original 5 elements. Since removing elements from T2 does not affect T1 when the clone is shallow, T1 remains at 5.
4) Option: 4
Considered as a potential outcome if the clear() operation on T2 somehow cascaded to T1. But with a shallow clone, T2 and T1 are distinct lists with their own node structures; clearing T2 simply empties T2 and does not mutate T1's contents. Therefore 4 is incorrect.
In summary, the only operations that touch T2 are insertLast(42) and clear(), and none of these alter the size of T1 under a shallow clone; T1 stays at its original 5 elements.

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