Which of the following is not one of the three psychological key needs described by the self-determination theory?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory identifies three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan) proposes three innate psychological needs that support intrinsic motivation and well‑being: 
  - Autonomy: feeling volitional and having choice in one’s actions.
  - Competence: feeling effective and capable of achieving desired outcomes.
  - Relatedness: feeling connected to and cared for by others.
- “Encouragement” is a form of social support or feedback, not one of the three core needs in SDT.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Compare each answer option to the SDT triad:
  - Option b: Relatedness — matches one of the three needs.
  - Option c: Autonomy — matches one of the three needs.
  - Option d: Competence — matches one of the three needs.
  - Option a: Encouragement — does not appear in the SDT list.
- Therefore the item that is not one of the three SDT needs is Encouragement.

3) Intermediate steps (no numeric calculations required)
- List the triad explicitly, then map each multiple-choice option to that list to see which does not map.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Encouragement is an external action or form of support (e.g., praise, prompting) that can satisfy or promote the core needs (especially relatedness or competence), but it is not itself defined as a basic psychological need by Deci and Ryan. The theory specifically names autonomy, competence, and relatedness as the foundational needs.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- Relatedness (b): incorrect as an answer because it is one of the three needs.
- Autonomy (c): incorrect as an answer because it is one of the three needs.
- Competence (d): incorrect as an answer because it is one of the three needs.

6) Conclusion
- The correct choice is a. Encouragement, which matches the provided answer.

Which of the following is not one of the three psychological key needs described by the self-determination theory?单项选择题

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