Question at position 15 HY has studied Japanese for two years and recently began learning Italian. She now finds it much harder to recall her Japanese vocabulary than before she started Italian. Which mechanism of forgetting best explains this?Proactive interferenceBlockingDecayMisattributionRetroactive interferenceClear my selection单项选择题
A
Proactive interference
B
Blocking
C
Decay
D
Misattribution
E
Retroactive interference

Question

Question at position 15 HY has studied Japanese for two years and recently began learning Italian. She now finds it much harder to recall her Japanese vocabulary than before she started Italian. Which mechanism of forgetting best explains this?Proactive interferenceBlockingDecayMisattributionRetroactive interferenceClear my selection单项选择题

A

Proactive interference

B

Blocking

C

Decay

D

Misattribution

E

Retroactive interference

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new learning disrupts the recall of previously learned information, so HY's difficulty recalling Japanese after beginning Italian points directly to retroactive interference.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Interference theory: forgetting often results from interference between competing memories rather than simple decay.
- Retroactive interference: recently learned information impairs memory for earlier information.
- Proactive interference: older memories interfere with learning or recall of newer information.
- Blocking: temporary retrieval failure (tip-of-the-tongue) despite the memory being available.
- Decay: memory trace weakens over time due to disuse.
- Misattribution: assigning a memory to the wrong source or context.

2. Step-by-step reasoning process
- HY learned Japanese first (older memory) and then began learning Italian (newer memory).
- Her Japanese vocabulary recall became harder after learning Italian.
- This pattern—new information (Italian) reducing access to earlier information (Japanese)—is the hallmark of retroactive interference.

3. Calculations/intermediate steps
- No numerical calculation is required. Conceptual "steps" are: older memory established → new similar material learned → interference occurs → retrieval of older memory is impaired.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- Retroactive interference explains precisely the sequence and causal direction: new learning (Italian) interferes with retrieval of old learning (Japanese). Languages share overlapping vocabulary, phonology, or retrieval cues, increasing interference and producing the observed forgetting.

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- Proactive interference: would predict Japanese (old) interfering with learning/recall of Italian (new), not the reverse.
- Blocking: implies a temporary retrieval struggle unrelated to new learning causing widespread vocabulary difficulty.
- Decay: would implicate simple time-based fading; HY’s problem began after learning Italian, suggesting interference rather than mere time decay.
- Misattribution: involves source confusion (e.g., attributing a word to the wrong language), not a generalized decrease in ability to recall Japanese vocabulary.

6. Conclusion confirming final answer
- The most fitting explanation is Retroactive interference, which matches the provided correct answer.

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