The four steps of the Chamber process for manufacturing sulfuric acid are: sulfur + oxygen → sulfur dioxide nitrogen monoxide + oxygen → nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide + nitrogen dioxide → sulfur trioxide + nitrogen monoxide sulfur trioxide + water → sulfuric acid Of these, the process which does NOT involve oxidation and reduction is:

Question

The four steps of the Chamber process for manufacturing sulfuric acid are: sulfur +  oxygen →  sulfur dioxide nitrogen monoxide +  oxygen →  nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide +  nitrogen dioxide →  sulfur trioxide +  nitrogen monoxide sulfur trioxide +  water →  sulfuric acid Of these, the process which does NOT involve oxidation and reduction is:

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Oxidation numbers determine whether electrons are transferred (redox). Assign oxidation states for the key atoms in each step and check for any change.

Step 1: S + O2 → SO2
- Elemental sulfur S: oxidation state 0.
- O2: oxygen atoms each 0.
- In SO2: oxygen is typically -2, so 2·(-2) + S = 0 → S = +4.
Change: S 0 → +4 (oxidation); O 0 → -2 (reduction). This is a redox reaction.

Step 2: NO + O2 → NO2
- In NO: O is -2, so N + (-2) = 0 → N = +2.
- In NO2: 2·(-2) + N = 0 → N = +4.
Change: N +2 → +4 (oxidation); O 0 → -2 (reduction). This is redox.

Step 3: SO2 + NO2 → SO3 + NO
- SO2: S = +4 (as above).
- SO3: three oxygens at -2 → S = +6.
- NO2: N = +4; NO: N = +2.
Change: S +4 → +6 (oxidation); N +4 → +2 (reduction). Electrons are transferred between S and N species, so this is a redox step (and part of the catalytic cycle where NO/NO2 are regenerated).

Step 4: SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
- In SO3: assign S = +6 (3·(-2) + S = 0 → S = +6).
- In H2SO4: H = +1, O = -2 → 2·(+1) + S + 4·(-2) = 0 → S = +6.
Change: S remains +6; O remains -2; H changes from elemental absence to +1 but hydrogen enters as H2O (no change in oxidation states of elements already present in SO3). No element changes oxidation state, so no redox occurs. This step is simply hydration/combination (an acid-forming addition), not oxidation or reduction.

Why other options are incorrect: Steps 1–3 all show clear changes in oxidation numbers for sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen and therefore are redox. Only Step 4 has identical oxidation states before and after.

Therefore the process that does NOT involve oxidation and reduction is Step 4. This matches the provided answer: Step 4.

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