Suppose Alice encrypted a message using Bob's public key and sent it to Bob. If an attacker was able to intercept Alice-Bob message, which of the following can be compromised:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When considering encryption with Bob's public key, the core idea is that only Bob, possessing his private key, can decrypt what Alice sent. 
Option 1: Confidentiality. Since the attacker only intercepted the ciphertext and does not have Bob's private key, they should not be able to recover the plaintext. Therefore, confidentiality is not compromised by mere interception under proper public-key encryption.
Option 2: Integrity. Integrity means the message has not been altered in transit. If the attacker tampers with the ciphertext, a secure encryption scheme (like RSA with OAEP or similar padding schemes) typically detects the tampering and decryption fails rather than producing a valid altered plaintext. Without an additional integrity mechanism (e.g., a MAC or digital signature), public-key encryption alone does not guarantee integrity, but interception alone does not guarantee successful tampering that preserves validity. In standard practice, altering ciphertext would either fail to decrypt or yield unusable data, so integrity is not reliably compromised by simple interception.
Option 3: Both confidentiality and integrity. Since confidentiality is not compromised by interception, this option cannot be correct.
Option 4: Neither confidentiality nor integrity can be compromised. Given that interception does not reveal plaintext and standard public-key encryption with proper padding detects tampering, neither confidentiality nor integrity is inherently compromised by the act of simply intercepting the message. This is the most accurate assessment under typical cryptographic assumptions.

Suppose Alice encrypted a message using Bob's public key and sent it to Bob. If an attacker was able to intercept Alice-Bob message, which of the following can be compromised:单项选择题

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