The numbers of the pH scale, such as 3 for soda or 13 for bleach, represent the negative logarithm of their
Blank
______ ion concentration.

Question

The numbers of the pH scale, such as 3 for soda or 13 for bleach, represent the negative logarithm of their 
Blank
______ ion concentration.

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

pH is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, [H+].

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- pH = −log10([H+]), where [H+] is the molar concentration of hydrogen (or hydronium, H3O+) ions in solution.
- Lower pH values indicate higher [H+] (more acidic); higher pH values indicate lower [H+] (more basic).
- pOH and [OH−] relate to hydroxide ions, not directly to the pH expression.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- The question asks which ion concentration is the quantity whose negative logarithm gives the pH number.
- By definition pH uses the hydrogen ion concentration [H+], so the blank should be “hydrogen.”

3. Calculations with intermediate steps (illustrative)
- For soda with pH = 3:
  pH = −log10([H+]) → 3 = −log10([H+]) → log10([H+]) = −3 → [H+] = 10^(−3) = 0.001 M.
- For bleach with pH = 13:
  13 = −log10([H+]) → log10([H+]) = −13 → [H+] = 10^(−13) = 1 × 10^(−13) M.
These calculations show the pH values correspond directly to hydrogen ion concentrations.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- pH quantifies the concentration of hydrogen ions. The scale is constructed so that pH = −log([H+]), therefore the blank must be “hydrogen.” The examples (pH 3 and pH 13) map to vastly different [H+] values, illustrating that pH measures hydrogen ion concentration.

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- “Base”: pH is not the negative log of a “base” concentration; bases are characterized by [OH−], and pOH = −log10([OH−]), not pH.
- “Oxygen”: dissolved oxygen has no direct role in the pH definition.
- “Acid”: this term is not the specific ion; pH is defined in terms of hydrogen (proton) concentration, not an unspecified “acid” concentration.

6. Conclusion
Therefore the correct completion of the sentence is “hydrogen,” which matches the provided answer.

The numbers of the pH scale, such as 3 for soda or 13 for bleach, represent the negative logarithm of their Blank ______ ion concentration.单项选择题

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