Question textShown below is an excerpt from Yi and Zhang's article (some of the information from before appears again). In this excerpt, the authors comment on the implications of their study's findings for mainland China. Further below are four examples of students' writing in which they have tried to use their own words to present information from the original source by Yi and Zhang. Have they sufficiently paraphrased the source text, or have they plagiarized Yi and Zhang's words? Feedback will be available after you have passed the task. [table]
| ...The results of this study imply that high home price inflation can account for about 65% of the drastic fertility decrease in Hong Kong for the past four decades... The main results of this article may also shed new light on the reconsideration of continuing the ‘‘one child policy’’ in mainland China... Since home prices have been soaring beginning from the late 1990s, especially in the urban and coastal areas in China, the high inflation of home prices will change households’ budget constraints and may spontaneously induce a demographic transition. The remaining question is whether the results derived from a metropolis such as Hong Kong could be extended to a country with a vast territory and with the largest population in the world. | 1. Recent research has shown that home price inflation can cause extreme fertility decline. The results of this research have been used to argue that since home prices have been soaring beginning from the late 1990s in mainland China, especially in the urban and coastal areas in China, the high inflation of home prices will change households' budget constraints and may spontaneously induce a demographic transition. Because of this, the one-child policy should be reconsidered (Yi & Zhang, 2010). Multiple choice 1 Question 1Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarismInsufficient paraphrasing, contains plagiarism of languageThe given paraphrase is not effective due to its use of several phrases and expressions taken directly from the original text, with only slight modifications in word order and structure. Also, not all the ideas derived from the source (the results of this research…..transition) are not properly cited.Mark 1.00 out of 1.00The correct answer is: Insufficient paraphrasing, contains plagiarism of language 2. One study conducted by Yi and Zhang (2010) has suggested that much of Hong Kong's decline in fertility has been caused by inflation in the price of homes. The authors noted that home prices in some parts of mainland China have also risen steeply in the recent past, and that this might cause a fall in fertility which would call into question the future of existing family planning policies (Yi & Zhang, 2010). Multiple choice 2 Question 1Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarismInsufficient paraphrasing, contains plagiarism of languageMark 1.00 out of 1.00The correct answer is: Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarism 3. The results of one study shed light on whether the "one child policy" in China should be reconsidered. That study found that 65% of Hong Kong's fertility decline has been caused by expensive housing. The study concludes that like Hong Kong, home prices have been going up in mainland China from the late 1990s in the urban and coastal areas. This will change families' budgets and induce a demographic change (Yi & Zhang, 2010). Multiple choice 3 Question 1Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarismInsufficient paraphrasing, contains plagiarism of languageThis paraphrase is not effective because it does not accurately represent the original text's main ideas and presents the information in a disjointed manner. Also, not all the ideas derived from the source are properly cited.Mark 1.00 out of 1.00The correct answer is: Insufficient paraphrasing, contains plagiarism of language 4. Yi and Zhang (2010) have pointed out that like Hong Kong, home prices in China's coastal cities have also risen sharply in recent years, and that this will likely result in a fall in fertility similar to Hong Kong's. They point out that this will have implications for the future of the one-child policy. Multiple choice 4 Question 1Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarismInsufficient paraphrasing, contains plagiarism of languageMark 1.00 out of 1.00The correct answer is: Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarism
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Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

We are evaluating four possible judgments about each paraphrase example, focusing on whether the paraphrase is well-done and free of plagiarism.
Option 1: 'Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarism' with accompanying notes that it contains several phrases from the original and that ideas are not all properly cited. Here, the paraphrase appears to mimic the source language closely in places and includes specific phrases like 'the results of this research' and 'the one-child policy should be reconsidered (Yi & Zhang, 2010).' If these phrases are too close to the source and the essential ideas are not sufficiently reworded, this would indeed be considered inadequate paraphrasing and potentially plagiarized. The reasoning would point out that although some meaning is captured, the phrasing risks copying language and the citation may be insufficient. Therefore, this option would be arguing that plagiarism is present, making the label 'well-paraphrased' inaccurate if the policy requires thorough rewording and proper citation. The critique should highlight how close wording and limited transformation signal insufficient paraphrasing.
Option 2: 'Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarism' with the note that Yi & Zhang (2010) are cited and the summary rewords the claim about fertility decline due to housing costs, including a mention of mainland China. If the paraphrase truly rephrases the original ideas in new sentence structures, uses different vocabulary, and cites the source appropriately, while not misrepresenting the original findings, this could be considered good paraphrasing. The analysis should examine whether the paraphrase changes sentences enough, avoids copying key phrases, and maintains accurate meaning. If these criteria are met, labeling it as well-paraphrased and non-plagiaristic is justified. The student should be attentive to whether any essential ideas are preserved without adequate rewording or whether citation is precise and complete.
Option 3: 'Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarism' is claimed for a paraphrase that asserts a specific statistic (65% of fertility decline) and reattributes the study’s conclusions to a general reader, with some narrative about policy implications. The critique should assess whether numeric details and causal claims are presented with correct attribution and whether the language diverges enough from the source. If the paraphrase simply reorders clauses or uses close paraphrase of key sentences without sufficiently altering structure or wording, it would be considered insufficiently paraphrased and potentially plagiarized. The reasoning should point out common pitfalls such as preserving the authorial voice, close repetition of sequences, or failing to cite ideas that are not common knowledge.
Option 4: 'Well-paraphrased, does not contain plagiarism' for a paraphrase stating that rising housing prices in coastal cities will likely reduce fertility and have implications for the one-child policy. The evaluation should check if the paraphrase accurately conveys the original meaning while using distinct phrasing and providing proper citation. If the student accurately conveys the main idea (that housing inflation may influence fertility and policy implications) and uses new wording, this could be a solid paraphrase. The critique should note whether the restatement preserves essential nuance and whether any of the source’s exact phrases are lifted without quotation or citation. If the paraphrase is sufficiently reworded and correctly attributed, this option would be considered appropriate.
Throughout each option, the core educational goal is to recognize when paraphrasing is too close to the source (risking plagiarism) versus when it successfully conveys the same ideas with original wording and proper citation. The analyses should identify where wording remains too similar, where ideas are misrepresented, or where citations are incomplete, and contrast those issues with examples of sound paraphrasing practices: using synonyms, altering sentence structure, changing the order of information, and ensuring accurate attribution of ideas.

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