There are two kinds of reinforcement. Which of the following is an example of Negative Reinforcement?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement occurs when an aversive stimulus is removed or avoided as a consequence of a behavior, and that removal increases the probability the behavior will recur.

Relevant concepts: operant conditioning distinguishes reinforcement (increases behavior) from punishment (decreases behavior) and extinction (behavior declines because consequences are withdrawn). Reinforcement can be positive (adding a pleasant stimulus) or negative (removing an unpleasant stimulus).

Step-by-step reasoning applied to the choices:
1. Identify antecedent and behavior in the candidate scenario: When you get into your car with the door open and put the key in the ignition, an annoying sound is played (aversive stimulus). The behavior is closing the door. The consequence is that the sound stops (removal of the aversive stimulus).
2. Determine effect on future behavior: Because closing the door stops the annoying noise, you (and most drivers) are more likely to close the door in the future under the same conditions. That increase in the behavior following removal of something unpleasant is the hallmark of negative reinforcement.
3. Classify: This is negative reinforcement (behavior strengthened by removal of an aversive stimulus), not punishment.

Why the other options are incorrect:
- "Billy hit his sister, so he was sent to his room..." This is punishment (a consequence intended to decrease behavior)—specifically a form of punishment, not reinforcement.
- "You bring home your report card ... parents take you out to dinner" This is positive reinforcement: a pleasant stimulus (dinner) is presented to increase the behavior (studying/getting good grades).
- "Susie throws her cheerios ... mother ignores her ... actions produce no reaction" This describes extinction (removal of reinforcement so behavior decreases), not reinforcement.

Therefore, the correct example of negative reinforcement is: "When you get into your car, leave the door open, and put the key in the ignition, an annoying sound is played, and to get rid of that sound you close the door." This matches the provided answer.

There are two kinds of reinforcement. Which of the following is an example of Negative Reinforcement?未知题型

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