Which of the following is found in a higher quantity in refined compared to whole grains?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Refining grains removes the bran and germ, leaving mostly the starchy endosperm. This key processing step explains the differences in nutrients and energy between whole and refined grains.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Whole grains contain three parts: bran (fiber, B vitamins, minerals), germ (healthy fats, vitamin E, some minerals), and endosperm (starch/calories).
- Refining removes bran and germ, reducing fiber, vitamins, and minerals while leaving mostly digestible starch.
- Calories correspond to usable energy; digestible carbohydrates contribute more usable calories than non-digestible fiber.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Start: Whole grain = endosperm + bran + germ. Bran and germ supply fiber, vitamin E, zinc, and other micronutrients.
- Refining: bran and germ removed → vitamin E (in germ) and zinc (concentrated in bran/germ) are reduced in the refined product.
- Fiber: much of the grain’s fiber is in the bran; removing it lowers fiber content in refined grains.
- Calories: the refined product is predominantly starch (digestible carbohydrate). Because fiber is non-digestible (provides little to no usable calories), removing fiber increases the proportion of digestible energy per gram. Additionally, many refined-grain foods (white bread, pastries) often include added sugars/fats, further increasing calorie content.

3) Calculations/intermediate steps
- Conceptual: If a whole grain sample has X g digestible carbs + Y g fiber, available calories come mainly from X (4 kcal/g). Removing fiber increases the percent of the weight that is digestible carbs, so available kcal per serving rises.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Refined grains have a higher proportion of readily digestible starch and often extra added fats/sugars, so they typically provide more calories per comparable serving than whole grains.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- a. Vitamin E: concentrated in the germ, reduced by refining.
- b. Zinc: found more in bran/germ; decreased after refining.
- d. Fiber: primarily in the bran and therefore lower in refined grains.

Conclusion: Therefore, the correct answer is c. Calories, which matches the provided answer.

Which of the following is found in a higher quantity in refined compared to whole grains?单项选择题

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