What are two examples of brain structure differences found in schizophrenia?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Enlarged lateral ventricles and reduced overall brain volume (including regional gray-matter loss) are among the most consistently reported structural abnormalities in schizophrenia.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Structural neuroimaging (MRI) studies compare brain anatomy between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls.  
- Common structural findings: ventricular enlargement, reduced total brain volume, and focal gray-matter reductions (especially in the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes, and hippocampus).  
- Distinction between structural changes (anatomy seen on MRI) and neurochemical/functional changes (e.g., dopamine abnormalities, fMRI activation).

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Step 1: Ask what the answer choices describe: which are structural (anatomical) vs non-structural?  
- Step 2: Recall empirical findings: many meta-analyses show enlarged ventricles and decreased brain/gray-matter volume in schizophrenia. These are direct structural measures.  
- Step 3: Match that knowledge to the options: option (a) explicitly lists two structural features (ventricular enlargement and decreased brain volume), so it fits the empirical record.

3) Intermediate “calculation” steps (logical matching)
- Identify structural features in the literature = {ventricular enlargement, decreased brain volume, hippocampal/prefrontal gray-matter loss}.  
- Compare options to set: (a) matches both items; (b) includes dopamine differences (neurochemical, not structural); (c) states the opposite (increased brain volume, reduced ventricles) — contradicts findings; (d) refers to increased functional activation (functional, not structural) and symptoms (cognitive deficits).

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Option (a) directly states the two structural abnormalities most reliably reported by MRI studies: enlarged ventricles and decreased brain volume.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- (b) mixes a neurochemical difference (dopamine) with a structural change — question asks for structural examples.  
- (c) is the reverse of the empirical pattern (volume is typically reduced, ventricles enlarged).  
- (d) describes functional activation and clinical deficits, not structural anatomy; moreover, many studies report reduced (not increased) prefrontal activation.

Conclusion: The correct choice is a. Enlarged ventricles and decreased brain volume, which matches the provided answer.

What are two examples of brain structure differences found in schizophrenia?单项选择题

类似问题

You own a bond that pays $64 in interest annually. The face value is $1,000 and the current market price is $1,021.61. The bond matures in 11 years. What is the yield to maturity?

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

It will cost $9,600 to acquire an ice cream cart that is expected to produce cash inflows of $3,600 a year for three years. After the three years, the cart is expected to be worthless. What is the payback period?

A 3.25 percent Treasury bond is quoted at a price of 99.04. The bond pays interest semiannually. What is the current yield?

更多留学生实用工具

智能学习助手

风格化写作助手

论文查重助手

文献引用助手

课堂转译助手

课堂笔记助手

Quiz搜索助手

学校历年真题

智能刷题助手

智能匹配练习

希望你的学习变得更简单