Select the examples of gain‑of‑function mutations. (Select all that apply)

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: You need to identify all examples of gain-of-function mutations from the list provided.
Option A: "a mutant gene expression that causes organism death". This is not inherently gain-of-function; while it could be deleterious, death results from loss or disruption of normal function or from excessive activity, but it does not by itself define a new or novel function. In many contexts, such severe outcomes are associated with loss-of-function or dominant-negative effects rather than a new activity.
Option B: "a mutant gene expressed in a different tissue or cell". This fits the classic gain-of-function pattern, where ectopic or mis-timed expression leads to a new or abnormal activity in a tissue where the gene is not normally active, effectively producing a new functional effect.
Option C: "a mutant gene results in a mutant phenotype only in certain conditions". This describes a conditionally expressed mutation, which can be related to regulatory or environmental dependence, but it does not necessarily imply a novel function; it may simply reveal the gene’s effects under specific contexts, not a new function per se.
Option D: "a mutant gene product with a new function". This is the quintessential gain-of-function scenario: the mutant protein acquires an activity that the wild-type protein does not have, representing an explicit new function.
Option E: "a mutant gene product that lacks all function". This is a classic loss-of-function mutation (null mutation) rather than gain-of-function, as it removes the gene product’s activity entirely rather than adding or changing its function.
In summary, the statements that describe gain-of-function mutations are those involving expression in a different tissue (B) and the acquisition of a new function (D). The remaining options depict loss-of-function, conditional effects, or non-functional outcomes, which do not align with gain-of-function definitions. If you were selecting multiple answers, you would choose B and D.

Select the examples of gain‑of‑function mutations. (Select all that apply) 多项选择题

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