According to Michael Coppel, concert promoters are now competing with...

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To begin, we restate the prompt: According to Michael Coppel, concert promoters are now competing with... among the given choices.
Option 1: ticket scalpers. The idea of promoters competing with scalpers would imply a struggle over resale markets, but Coppel’s framing typically emphasizes broader, ongoing cost commitments rather than secondary market activity. Therefore this option mischaracterizes the primary competitive arena.
Option 2: retailers of physical music formats. Competing with physical-format retailers would focus on tangible product sales, which historically affected promoters less directly in the live event market and more on recorded music channels; this is not the emphasis described by Coppel.
Option 3: online retailers of digital music. While digital music sales affect overall industry dynamics, Coppel’s point about competition for audiences and dollars points to the broader, recurring outlays associated with attending live events rather than competing with online digital music shops. This makes the option less aligned with the cited idea.
Option 4: committed expenditures such as contracts for mobile phones and internet connection. This is the option that best reflects Coppel’s argument: promoters compete for entertainment budgets against other ongoing, non-discretionary or semi-discretionary commitments people must make, such as phone plans and internet access, which influences leisure spending and attendance choices. The framing emphasizes opportunity costs and the finite consumer budget, matching the notion of competing for committed expenditures.
In summary, the reasoning disqualifies the first three options by showing they address other market channels (resales, physical music, digital music) rather than the overall, recurring spending that Coppel highlighted, leaving option four as the accurate description of the competition landscape for promoters.

According to Michael Coppel, concert promoters are now competing with... 单项选择题

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